Antigens and Antibodies

These flashcards cover important vocabulary related to antigens, antibodies, and the immune response as discussed in the lecture.

Antigen

A foreign protein in the body that elicits an immune response.

Antibody

A protein produced by B lymphocytes that binds to specific antigens.

B lymphocytes

White blood cells that produce antibodies in response to antigens.

Antibody morphology

The structure of antibodies, which includes four amino acid chains linked by disulfide bonds, forming a Y-shaped molecule.

Immunoglobins

Types of antibodies, including IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE, each with specific functions against antigens.

Active immunity

The immunity that occurs when B cells contact antigens and produce antibodies.

Natural active immunity

Immunity developed through natural exposure to infection.

Artificial active immunity

Immunity developed through vaccination.

Passive immunity

Immunity acquired without the immune system being exposed to the antigen.

Natural passive immunity

Immunity transferred from mother to fetus via maternal antibodies.

Artificial passive immunity

Immunity gained through the introduction of antibodies from another source, such as gamma globulin.

Killer T cells

Cells that rapidly attack and destroy infected or cancerous cells.

Memory cells

Descendants of activated T and B cells that recognize antigens for quicker immune responses.

Suppressor T cells

Cells that slow down the activities of B and T cells and inhibit antibody production.

Macrophages

Cells that engulf and digest antigens and present them to T cells for recognition.

Lymphokines

Chemicals released by sensitized T cells to aid in the immune response.

Monokines

Chemicals released by activated macrophages to influence other immune cells.

Hydrochloric acid

Acid in the stomach that destroys microorganisms.

Mucous membranes

Physical barriers that trap microorganisms and debris.