AP® Human Geography Study Guide

Flashcards based on key concepts from the AP® Human Geography study guide.

What are the two main types of maps?

Reference maps and thematic maps.

What does geospatial data refer to?

Information pertaining to a location on Earth.

What are quantitative data examples in geography?

Income, census information, and birthrates.

What is cartography?

The science of mapmaking.

What is the significance of the Mercator projection?

It is widely used but distorts certain spatial properties, such as area.

What does the term 'ecumene' refer to?

The portion of Earth occupied by permanent human settlements.

What are the three main types of regions?

Formal, functional, and perceptual/vernacular regions.

What is the concept of distance decay?

The diminishing importance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.

What are push and pull factors in migration?

Push factors cause people to leave a location, while pull factors attract them to a new location.

What is the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)?

A model that shows the transition of countries through stages of population growth based on birth and death rates.

What are primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, and quinary economic sectors?

Primary: extraction of natural resources; Secondary: manufacturing; Tertiary: services; Quaternary: knowledge-oriented services; Quinary: decision-making and policy-creation.

What is globalization?

The process of becoming world-wide in scope, increasing interactions between places.

What is sustainable development?

Policies designed to prevent resource depletion and address environmental impacts.

What does the Gender Inequality Index (GII) measure?

Reproductive health, female empowerment, and labor market participation.