MB1003 Germ theory of disease

word for bodily secretions

‘Humors’ - humoral theory of medicine includes balance between the four humors; blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile. By Hippocrates

Giovanni Morgagni founded?

the field of pathology; showed organs of dead people displayed symptoms of disease and could predict disease by examination , ended the theory of humoral medicine.

seminaria are?

seeds of contagion, very small imperceptible particles as of Fracastoro in 1530;

islamic medicine displayed

the concept of contagens external from the body and clinical trials.

smallpox

Jenner invented a vaccination that ultimately eradicated smallpox; only disease fully eradicated. documented back to 1200 BCE killed around 400,000 people a year, repeated epidemics. firstly patients were infected with cowpox and then smallpox.

puerperal Fever (childbed fever)

streptococcus pyogenes; linked to development of hospitals and obstetrics-20-30 % of women died in childbirth- caused by ‘miasma’

Oliver wendell holmes discovered

the contagiousness of puerperal fever.

Joseph Lister on the…

antiseptic principle of the practise of surgery - all surgery let to would infection and often death. discovered antiseptic properties of carbolic acid and instructed surgeons to wear gloves.

Robert Koch

Credited with the Germ theory of disease, demonstrated that bacillus causes anthrax, published work on mycobacterium tuberculosis, discovered that Vibrio that causes cholera.

Koch’s Postulates

the microorganism must be found in abundance of all organisms suffering from the disease, microorganism must be isolated and grown in culture, cultured microorganism should cause disease if introduced to a healthy individual, microorganism must be re-isolated from a newly infected host and be identified as the original specific causative agent.

anthrax is caused by

spored of the bacterium bacillus anthracis

bacterial endospore formation

Bacterial DNA becomes dense, asymmetric cell formed with condensed DNA to one side, Endospore septum grows around the protoplast, forespore primordial cortex formed,, development of resistance to heat and chemicals, degradation of cell and release of endospore.

Pasteur developed ?

anthrax vaccine and coined the term ‘vaccine’ . that cultures can lose virulence over time called ‘attenuation’.

robert koch cell staining

using methylene blue dye to stain cells