Chapter 16: Special Senses

Auricle (pinna)

Visible portion composed of folds of cartilage covered with skin (outer ear).

Malleus

Hammer.

Incus

Anvil.

Stapes

Stirrup.

Inner Ear

Series of fluid-filled passages called the labyrinth.

Cochlea

Organ of corti, which contains tiny nerve endings called 'hair cells'.

Ot/o

Ear.

Staped/o

Stapes.

Myring/o, tympan/o

Tympanic membrane.

Labyrint/o

Labyrinth.

Acous/o, audi/o, audit/o

Hearing.

Mastoid/o

Mastoid process.

Salping/o

Tubes (usually fallopian or eustachian).

Ot/o/rrhea

Discharge from ear.

Ot/o/laryng/o/logist

Ear and throat specialist.

Tympan/o/rrhexis

Rupture of the eardrum.

Ot/o/pyo/rrhea

Discharge of pus from ear.

An/acusia

Without hearing (deafness).

Ot/o/dynia

Pain in the ear.

Otitis

Inflammation of ear.

Ot/o/scope

Instrument to examine ear.

Mastoiditis

Inflammation of mastoid process.

Labyrinth/o/tomy

Incision of labyrinth (inner-ear).

Presbycusis

Hearing loss (age).

Audiometer

Instrument to measure hearing.

Otitis Media

(Swimmers' ear) inflammation of the middle ear. Accumulation of fluid.

Hearing Loss

Impairment or inability to apprehend sound.

Cerumen

Earwax.

Deaf

Condition of being unable to hear well.

Hard of hearing

Condition of having some hearing and the ability to communicate.

Cochlear implant

Electronic device that bypasses the cochlea and stimulates the auditory nerve.

Tinnitus

Perception of ringing, hissing, buzzing.

Vertigo

Feeling that the individual or environment is spinning in the absence of actual movement.

Myringotomy

Small surgical incision of eardrum allows drainage and relieves pressure.

Mastoidectomy

Removal of hair cells of the mastoid process.

Ear irrigation

Low-pressure stream of water directed at the top of the ear canal.

Rinne Test

Comparison of sound conduction through mastoid and air using a tuning fork.

Otosclerosis

Ear hardening.

Visual acuity test

Measures vision at different positions.

Snellen chart

Chart used to measure visual acuity.

amblyopia

Dimness of vision.

phacocele

Herniation of the lens.

diplopia

Double vision.

blepharoptosis

Downward displacement of the eyelid.

goniometer

Measuring the (iridocorneal) angle.

intraocular

Pertaining to within the eye.

keratotomy

Incision of the cornea.

otorrhea

Discharge from the ear.

audiometer

Instrument for measuring hearing.

anacusia

Total deafness.

labyrinthitis

Inflammation of the labyrinth of the inner ear.

otosclerosis

Abnormal condition of hardening of the ear bones.

mastoiditis

Inflammation of the mastoid.

What is myringoplasty?

Surgical repair of the eardrum.

presbyacusia

Poor hearing associated with old age.

cataract

Opacity that forms on the lens and impairs vision.

achromatopsia

Severe congenital form of color blindness.

nyctalopia

Impaired vision in dim light.

presbyacusis

Impaired hearing due to old age.

anacusis

Complete deafness.

otitis externa

Infection of the external auditory canal.

otitis media

Middle ear infection common in infants and children.

otopyorrhea

Discharge of pus from the ear.

epiphora

Abnormal overflow of tears.

hordeolum

Localized circumscribed swelling of sebaceous glands (stye).

otoencephalitis

Inflammation of the brain tissue near the middle ear.

neovascular

The wet form of macular degeneration.

vertigo

Feeling of dizziness or spinning.

exotropia

Outward deviation of the eye.

drusen

Small, yellowish deposits that develop on the macula.

chalazion

Tumor of the eyelid similar to a stye.

tinnitus

Perception of ringing in the ears.

ophthalmoscopy

visual examination of the interior of the eye.

cochlear implant

artificial device that produces hearing sensations by electrically stimulating nerves inside the inner ear

fluorescein angiography

assesses blood vessels and retinal circulation using a colored dye while photographs are taken

otoplasty

corrective surgery for large, small, or deformed ears

mydriatics

agents that dilate the pupils and paralyze the eye muscles of accommodation

tonometry

measurement of the intraocular pressure for detecting glaucoma

visual acuity

test that determines the smallest letters that can be read on a standardized chart

evisceration

removal of the contents of the eyeball, leaving the sclera and cornea

antiemetics

treat and prevents nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and vertigo

ophthalmic decongestants

constrict small arterioles of the eye to decrease redness and conjunctival congestion

radial keratotomy

surgical treatment for nearsightedness that uses small incisions to flatten the cornea

optic analgesics

provide temporary relief from earache

wax emulsifiers

loosen and help remove impacted cerumen

retinoblastoma

neoplastic disease of the eye in kids

caloric stimulation

test that uses different temperatures to assess the vestibular portion of the nerve

enucleation

removal of the entire eyeball from its orbit

ST

esotropia

XT

exotropia

gonioscopy

visual examination of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye

otoscopy

visual examination of the external auditory canal

audiometry

measurement of hearing acuity and various frequencies

Rods

B&W vision in dim light

Cones

Color vision & function in bright light

Optic Disc

Blind spot

gonioscopy

Visual exam of angle

blepharoptosis

Prolapse of eyelid

presbyopia

Vision with old age

indoplegia

Paralysis of iris