Biology, Larger Organisms

Types of Teeth

Incisors, Canines, Molars

Mouth Function

Chewing food to make it soft for swallowing

Saliva Enzymes

Amylase breaks down carbohydrates, Lipase breaks down fats

Crop

Area in birds that breaks down food using small stones

Esophagus

Connects mouth with stomach, uses Peristalsis for food movement

Stomach Function

Softening food, Gastric Acid breaks down proteins

Stomach Lining

Mucus protects stomach from Gastric Acid

Ruminants

Animals with multiple stomachs for food breakdown

Small Intestines

Main site of digestion, enzymes break down food for absorption

Large Intestines

Absorbs water and minerals, ferments food into waste

Which sense has the fastest reaction time with the Brain?

Touch has the fastest reaction time at about 130-170 milliseconds

What are the 3 main components of a Neuron?

Cell Body, Dendrites, Axon

What is a Synapse?

The points of connection between neurons

What are the 2 types of Synapses?

Chemical Synapses and Electrical Synapses

What is the function of the Nervous System?

Allows for two-way transmission of electrical impulses between the Body and the Brain

What is the main juncture point for communications between the Body and the Brain?

The Spinal Cord

What is the role of the Sympathetic Nervous System?

Responsible for the "Fight, Flight, or Freeze" response to a stimuli

What is the role of the Parasympathetic Nervous System?

Responsible for keeping the body calm and regulated

What are the 4 main Blood Types for Humans (each have ‘+’ & ‘-’ types)?

A, B, AB, O

What is one function of Red Blood Cells?

To bind with Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

What is the main function of White Blood Cells?

To protect the body from infections

What is the main function of Platelets?

To assist in clotting blood

What is the main function of Plasma?

To carry nutrients and waste to and from cells

Why does the Heart symbol look nothing like a real Heart?

Due to Aristotle's description in the 4th century

How many chambers does the Heart of all mammals and birds have?

4 chambers

What is the main function of the Right Atrium and Right Ventricle?

To collect de-oxygenated blood from the body

What is the main function of the Left Atrium and Left Ventricle?

To push oxygenated blood toward the rest of the body

How is the Brain removed from bodies in Ancient Egypt?

Using an iron hook through the nostrils

What does the Hindbrain control?

Breathing and heart rate

What does the Midbrain control?

Reflexes and voluntary movements

What does the Forebrain control?

Intellectual activities and separates humans from other species

What does the Cerebrum control?

Memory, organization, imagination, and computation

What is the main function of the Hypothalamus?

To control metabolic functions such as body temperature, hunger, and sleep

What does the Pituitary Gland mainly control?

The growth of the body by excreting growth hormones

What is the main function of the Pineal Gland?

To produce Melatonin for regulating sleep and circadian rhythms

What is the most common Brain issue affecting almost everyone?

Headaches

What causes Primary Headaches?

Not caused by another medical condition

What causes Secondary Headaches?

Caused by another medical condition such as a Tumour or a Sinus Infection