Research Other Key Terms

The first affected family member who seeks medical or psychological attention, often used in genetic studies.

Proband

A method involving the analysis of verbal reports to understand cognitive processes.

Protocol Analysis

A qualitative research approach conducted in natural settings without manipulating variables.

Naturalistic Inquiry

A statistical test that looks for an effect in one direction.

One-Tailed Test

A statistical test that checks for effects in both directions.

Two-Tailed Test

Factors like history, maturation, testing, instrumentation, and selection that can bias results.

Threats to Internal Validity

Rejecting a true null hypothesis, leading to a false positive.

Type I Error

Failing to reject a false null hypothesis, leading to a false negative.

Type II Error

Correctly rejecting the null hypothesis for the wrong reason or interpreting results incorrectly.

Type III Error