Research Other Key Terms

Other Key Terms

• Proband: The first affected family member who seeks medical or psychological attention, often used in genetic studies.

• Protocol Analysis: A method involving the analysis of verbal reports to understand cognitive processes.

• Naturalistic Inquiry: A qualitative research approach conducted in natural settings without manipulating variables.

• One-Tailed and Two-Tailed Tests: One-tailed tests look for an effect in one direction; two-tailed tests check for effects in both directions.

• Threats to Internal Validity: Factors like history, maturation, testing, instrumentation, and selection that can bias results.

• Type I Error: Rejecting a true null hypothesis (false positive).

• Type II Error: Failing to reject a false null hypothesis (false negative).

• Type III Error: Correctly rejecting the null hypothesis but for the wrong reason or interpreting it incorrectly.