Skeletal System

Endochondral Ossification

________: most common type of bone formation in humans, the replacement of hyaline cartilage with bone, there are 6 steps of this process.

Osteoprogenitor cells

________ convert to osteoblasts, lay more matrix and then convert to osteocytes.

Osteoblasts

________ convert the fibrocartilaginous callus into bony callus.

Spongy

________ (Cancellous) Bone: consists of plates (trabeculae) and bars of bone adjacent to small, irregular cavities that contain red bone marrow.

Osteocytes

________: derived from osteoblasts, becomes ________ when surrounded by matrix.

Haversian Systems

________: made of osteons, cylindrical units that contain osteocytes in lacunae, central canal and canaliculi.

Cartilaginous

________: hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage join the bones.

Epiphysis

________: ends of bones, red bone marrow, blood cell generation.

Compact

________: closely packed osteons, provides strength and protection to bones.

Osteoclasts

________: specialized cell that absorbs and removed bone, more cellular structure.

Periosteum

________: fibrous connective tissue around bone, has ligaments and tendons, vascular function.

Diaphysis

________: shaft of the bone, yellow bone marrow, houses medullary cavity.

Spiral

________: break caused by severe twisting.

Mineral storage

________: calcium and phosphorus.

Movement

________: based on the amount of movement they allow.

Articular Cartilage

________: hyaline cartilage found in areas where bones meet, protects the bone ends.

Intramembranous Ossification

________: the direct deposition of bone on thin layers of connective tissue to make ‘ non long bone.

Bone

________ Remodeling: ________ are regularly broken down by osteoclasts and reformed by osteoblasts.

Synovial Fluid

________: lubricant for the joint.

Appositional Growth

________: increases the width of bones after endochondral growth.

Fibrocartilaginous callus

________ replaces the blood clot.

fibrous connective tissue

Fibrous: ________ joins the two bones.

Short bones

________: generally cube shaped (carpals & tarsals)

Osteoblasts

________: derived from osteoprogenitor cells, secrete lamellae (matrix)

support

body structure and shape

protection

vital organs ‘surrounded

mineral storage

calcium and phosphorus

long bones

longer than they are wide (humerus)

short bones

generally cube shaped (carpals & tarsals)

flat bones

"plates" (scapula)

irregular bones

vary in shape and size (vertebrae)

regular bones

also called "sesamoid" usually embedded in connective tissue (knee cap)

Periosteum

fibrous connective tissue around bone, has ligaments and tendons, vascular function

Epiphysis

ends of bones, red bone marrow, blood cell generation

Diaphysis

shaft of the bone, yellow bone marrow, houses medullary cavity

Articular Cartilage

hyaline cartilage found in areas where bones meet, protects the bone ends

Compact

 closely packed osteons, provides strength and protection to bones

Spongy (Cancellous) Bone

 consists of plates (trabeculae) and bars of bone adjacent to small, irregular cavities that contain red bone marrow

Haversian Systems

made of osteons, cylindrical units that contain osteocytes in lacunae, central canal and canaliculi

Osteoprogenitor Cells

unspecialized cells (stem cells), controls bone remodeling

Osteoblasts

derived from osteoprogenitor cells, secrete lamellae (matrix)

Osteocytes

derived from osteoblasts, becomes osteocytes when surrounded by matrix

Osteoclasts

specialized cell that absorbs and removed bone, more cellular structure

Intramembranous Ossification

the direct deposition of bone on thin layers of connective tissue to make ‘non long bone

Endochondral Ossification

most common type of bone formation in humans, the replacement of hyaline cartilage with bone, there are 6 steps of this process

Appositional Growth

increases the width of bones after endochondral growth

Bone Remodeling

bones are regularly broken down by osteoclasts and reformed by osteoblasts

Closed Reduction

realignment of bone without surgery

Open Reduction

needs surgery to repair bone

Complete

bone is fractured in 2 pieces

Incomplete

broken but not in 2 pieces

Simple

fractured bone does not break skin

Compound

fractured bone breaks skin

Impacted

impact force breaks bone, wedges it into each other

Spiral

break caused by severe twisting

Movement

based on the amount of movement they allow

Structure

based on the structure

Fibrous

fibrous connective tissue joins the two bones

Cartilaginous

hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage join the bones

Synovial

encompassed by a fibrous capsule with a synovial lining

Synovial Membrane

lines joint cavity

Synovial Fluid

lubricant for the joint

Joint Capsule

surrounds and stabilizes the joint

Ligament

additional stabilization

Saddle

lots of motion possible

Ball and Socket

rotation and movement motion

Pivot

rotational motion

Hinge

up and down motion

Gliding

sliding/twisting motion

Condyloid

planar movement