Islam (3C) Revision Guide: Philosophy & Ethics

Flashcards for reviewing key vocabulary and concepts related to Islamic philosophy and ethics, focusing on revelation, visions, miracles, religious experiences, arguments for and against the existence of Allah, the problem of suffering, marriage and family in Islam, and gender equality.

Revelation (Wahy)

The way in which God reveals his presence, either directly or indirectly through a messenger.

Direct Revelation

Revelation that comes directly from God.

Indirect Revelation

Revelation through a messenger, such as a prophet.

Qur'an as Revelation

Muslims believe the Qur'an is the direct word of Allah, demonstrating his omnipotence, omniscience, benevolence, and role as judge.

Visions

Something that a person sees, possibly in a dream, which may connect to a supernatural being or God, often involving a revelation.

Miracles

Amazing events that can't be explained by the laws of nature or science, believed to show the power and presence of Allah.

Religious Experience

An experience that people claim is caused by or related to God, such as a miracle, vision, dream, or simply a connection to God.

Design Argument

An argument that tries to prove the existence of Allah by arguing that the universe was designed with intelligent thought and care.

Cosmological Argument

An argument that tries to prove the existence of Allah by showing that everything happens for a reason and must have a cause.

Al-Ghazali

A highly influential Muslim figure who used theological reasoning to prove that Allah was the ultimate cause of everything. Developed the Kalam argument.

Problem of Suffering

The challenge to belief in a compassionate Allah posed by the existence of evil and suffering in the world.

Al-Qadr

The belief that everything that happens, including suffering, is part of Allah's plan.

Fitrah

Muslims believe that their conscience can give them a sense of what Allah would like them to do.

Marriage

Very important in Islam. It is believed to bring stability to society.

Nikah

Marriage contract in Islam

Sexual relationships in Islam

Should only take place within the correct context of marriage, an important part of a married relationship as it is a bond between the couple and is the opportunity to start a family.

The Family

The foundation of the Muslim community. The family provides a healthy and loving environment for children.

Ummah

The worldwide Muslim family that all Muslims are part of.

Contraception

The intentional prevention of pregnancy. There are many different types of contraception and different Muslims hold differing views about whether or not they are acceptable.

Gender Prejudice

When a person is judged on their gender to be superior or inferior. It is an opinion or judgement being made, not an action.

Gender Discrimination

When a person is treated differently from another as a direct result of their gender. It is an action rather than just an opinion.