Properties of polymers

What are mechanical properties?

The characteristics a material displays when subject to an external force.

What are the four mechanical properties we need to know about?

Toughness

Flexibility

Elasticity

Mouldability

What is toughness?

Toughness determines a material’s ability to absorb energy and deform plastically without cracking.

What is an example of a use of a polymer’s toughness?

Plastic cycle helmets, which are worn to protect the head in a fall.

What is elasticity?

A material’s resistance to distortion and ability to return to its original shape.

What is an example of a use of a polymer’s elasticity in a product?

Balloons.

What is flexibility (and stiffness)?

Flexibility- the ability of a material to be bent or folded without breaking

Stiffness- a measure of how rigid a material is

What is mouldability?

A polymer’s ability to be shaped into a form or mould.

What does a material’s ability to be cut, scored or folded depend upon?

Its hardness.

What are physical properties?

The measurable characteristics a material displays.

What are the 7 physical properties we need to know about?

Insulation

Self finishing

UV resistance

Melting points

Transparency and translucency

Resistance to chemicals and liquids

Ability to be combined with other polymers and additives

What is thermal insulation?

The reduction of heat transfer, especially between objects and people.

In what products are the insulating properties of polymers expoited?

Saucepan handles, kitchen utensils.

What is an electrical insulator?

A material that does not allow electricity to flow freely through it.

Electrical light fittings and sockets are often made from urea formaldehyde, a thermoset which is heat and burn resistant