THE ENLIGHTENMENT

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8 Terms

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Enlightenment

An era of reason and logic separate from the government, emerged in England during the 1600s after political turmoil.

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Philosophes' Beliefs

Key beliefs of the Enlightenment thinkers included reason, nature, happiness, progress, and liberty.

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Thomas Hobbes

Philosopher who believed in a social contract where people give up rights for a strong ruler, advocating for absolute monarchy.

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John Locke

Philosopher who emphasized natural rights of life, liberty, and property, and believed in self-government and the right to overthrow a government.

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Voltaire

Influential philosopher who fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of religious belief, and freedom of speech through satire.

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Montesquieu

Philosopher who proposed the separation of powers and checks and balances in government, influencing the U.S. Constitution.

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Jean Jacques Rousseau

Philosopher advocating for individual freedom, direct democracy, equality, and the abolition of titles of nobility.

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Bonesana Beccaria

Italian philosopher who criticized justice abuses and advocated for fair trials, no torture, and punishment based on the crime committed.