Physics Chapter 3 : Representing Motion
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12 Terms
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2 types of physical quantities
scalar and vector
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scalar
a quantity completed described by size only (magnitude and unit)
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vector
a quantity requiring direction to be completely described (magnitude and direction)
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facts about vectors
vectors are represented by arrows
size of the arrow is based on a scale
scales must start with 1.0 cm = amount of vector
direction of a vector must be described based on the question’s data in one of three ways: general terms, polar system, or map system
size of the arrow is based on a scale
scales must start with 1.0 cm = amount of vector
direction of a vector must be described based on the question’s data in one of three ways: general terms, polar system, or map system
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general terms
left, right, up, down
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polar system
x,y coordinates (only refer to the x-axis)
if not parallel to the x-axis, an angle measurement must be used to fully describe the vector
angle can be measured either above or below the x-axis
if not parallel to the x-axis, an angle measurement must be used to fully describe the vector
angle can be measured either above or below the x-axis
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x-axis terminology
if above +(positive) x-axis; counterclockwise from x-axis
if above -(negative) x-axis; clockwise from x-axis
if below x-axis; clockwise from x-axis
if above -(negative) x-axis; clockwise from x-axis
if below x-axis; clockwise from x-axis
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map system
cardinal directions : N,S,E,W
\*\*if 𝜽 = 45°, the angle measurement must be described based on how it would be measured
\*\*if 𝜽 = 45°, the angle measurement must be described based on how it would be measured
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more facts about vectors
vectors can be moved anywhere if the direction and magnitude do not change
“adding” vectors means to combine them
same direction → add with same direction
opposite directions → subtract and take direction of larger vector
if at other combinations, vectors must be drawn in a “head to tail” formation and the answer would be a vector connecting the start to the finish-putting toward the finish (resultant)
“adding” vectors means to combine them
same direction → add with same direction
opposite directions → subtract and take direction of larger vector
if at other combinations, vectors must be drawn in a “head to tail” formation and the answer would be a vector connecting the start to the finish-putting toward the finish (resultant)
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naming vectors
must have 3 parts in a specific order
magnitude(number and unit) theta(𝜽)(angle measurement in degrees) description (words used to help create 𝜽 in the appropriate system
magnitude(number and unit) theta(𝜽)(angle measurement in degrees) description (words used to help create 𝜽 in the appropriate system
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adding vectors
0°→ add and take direction
180° → subtract and take direction of larger vector
90° → use Pythagorean Theorem to find magnitude
→ use inverse trig functions to find the 𝜽 measurement
→ use a sketch to help you describe the angle measurement
\
180° → subtract and take direction of larger vector
90° → use Pythagorean Theorem to find magnitude
→ use inverse trig functions to find the 𝜽 measurement
→ use a sketch to help you describe the angle measurement
\
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vector decomposition
breaking down a vector into multiple parts
we break vectors into 2 parts, horizontal and vertical
we need to use sine and cosine functions to find the components
we break vectors into 2 parts, horizontal and vertical
we need to use sine and cosine functions to find the components