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schizophrenia
a psychotic disorder in which personal, social, and occupational functioning deteriorate as a result of unusual perceptions, odd thoughts, disturbed emotions, and motor abnormalities
psychosis
a loss of contact with reality
hallucinations
false sensory perceptions
delusions
false beliefs
downward drift theory
schizophrenia causes its sufferers to fall from a higher to a lower socioeconomic level or to remain poor because they are unable to function effectively
Positive Symptoms
excesses of thought, emotion, and behavior
Delusions
ideas that people believe wholeheartedly but that have no basis in fact
delusions of reference
attach special and personal meaning to the actions of others or to various objects or events
delusions of grandeur
believe themselves to be specially empowered persons
delusions of control
believe their feelings, thoughts, and actions are controlled by other people
formal thought disorder
a disturbance in the production and organization of thought
loose associations / derailment
a common thinking disturbance, characterized by rapid shifts from one topic of conversation to another
neologisms
made-up words that typically have meaning only to the person using them
preservation
repeating their words and statements again and again
hallucinations
perceptions that a person has in the absence of external stimuli
tactile hallucinations
tingling, burning, or electric-shock sensations
somatic hallucinations
feel as if something is happening inside the body
visual hallucinations
may produce vague perceptions of colors or clouds or distinct visions of people or objects
gustatory hallucinations
regularly find that their food or drink tastes strange
olfactory hallucinations
smell odors that no one else does
Inappropriate Affect
emotions that are unsuited to the situation
Negative Symptoms
deficits of thought emotion, and behavior
Poverty of Speech / Alogia
a reduction in speech or speech content
Restricted Affect
display less anger, sadness, joy, and other feelings than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotions at all
ambivalence
conflicting feelings
Psychomotor Symptoms
unusual movements or gestures
catatonia
a pattern of extreme psychomotor symptoms, found in some forms of schizophrenia
catatonic stupor
people stop responding to their environment, remaining motionless and silent for long stretches of time
catatonic rigidity
people maintain a rigid, upright posture for hours and resist efforts to be moved
catatonic posturing
people assume awkward, bizarre positions for long periods of time
catatonic excitement
different form of catatonia in which people move excitedly
schizophrenia spectrum disorders
schizophrenia-like disorders that are distinguished by particular durations and sets of symptoms
diathesis-stress relationship
people with a biological predisposition will develop schizophrenia only if certain kinds of events or stressors are also present
dopamine hypothesis
certain neurons that use the neurotransmitter dopamine fire too often and transmit too many messages, producing the symptoms of schizophrenia
antipsychotic drugs
drugs that help correct grossly confused or distorted thinking
phenothiazines
a group of antihistamine drugs that became the first group of effective antipsychotic medications
second-generation antipsychotic drugs
a relatively new group of antipsychotic drugs whose biological action is different from that of the first-generation antipsychotic drugs
Operant Conditioning
the process by which people learn to perform behaviors for which they have been rewarded frequently
expressed emotion
the general level of criticism, disapproval, and hostility expressed in a family
Schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder in which personal, social, and occupational functioning deteriorate as a result of unusual perceptions, odd thoughts, disturbed emotions, and motor abnormalities
Psychosis
A loss of contact with reality
Downward Drift Theory
Schizophrenia causes its sufferers to fall from a higher to a lower socioeconomic level or to remain poor because they are unable to function effectively
Positive Symptoms
Excesses of thought, emotion, and behavior
Delusions
Ideas that people believe wholeheartedly but that have no basis in fact
Delusions of Reference
Attach special and personal meaning to the actions of others or to various objects or events
Delusions of Grandeur
Believe themselves to be specially empowered persons
Delusions of Control
Believe their feelings, thoughts, and actions are controlled by other people
Formal Thought Disorder
A disturbance in the production and organization of thought
Loose Associations / Derailment
A common thinking disturbance, characterized by rapid shifts from one topic of conversation to another
Neologisms
Made-up words that typically have meaning only to the person using them
Preservation
Repeating their words and statements again and again
Hallucinations
Perceptions that a person has in the absence of external stimuli
Tactile Hallucinations
Tingling, burning, or electric-shock sensations
Somatic Hallucinations
Feel as if something is happening inside the body
Visual Hallucinations
May produce vague perceptions of colors or clouds or distinct visions of people or objects
Gustatory Hallucinations
Regularly find that their food or drink tastes strange
Olfactory Hallucinations
Smell odors that no one else does
Inappropriate Affect
Emotions that are unsuited to the situation
Negative Symptoms
Deficits of thought emotion, and behavior
Poverty of Speech / Alogia
A reduction in speech or speech content
Restricted Affect
Display less anger, sadness, joy, and other feelings than most people
Flat Affect
Showing almost no emotions at all
Ambivalence
Conflicting feelings
Psychomotor Symptoms
Unusual movements or gestures
Catatonia
A pattern of extreme psychomotor symptoms, found in some forms of schizophrenia
Catatonic Stupor
People stop responding to their environment, remaining motionless and silent for long stretches of time
Catatonic Rigidity
People maintain a rigid, upright posture for hours and resist efforts to be moved
Catatonic Posturing
People assume awkward, bizarre positions for long periods of time
Catatonic Excitement
Different form of catatonia in which people move excitedly
Dopamine Hypothesis
Certain neurons that use the neurotransmitter dopamine fire too often and transmit too many messages, producing the symptoms of schizophrenia
Antipsychotic Drugs
Drugs that help correct grossly confused or distorted thinking
Phenothiazines
A group of antihistamine drugs that became the first group of effective antipsychotic medications
Second-generation Antipsychotic Drugs
A relatively new group of antipsychotic drugs whose biological action is different from that of the first-generation antipsychotic drugs
Schizophrenogenic Mother
A type of mother - supposedly cold, domineering, and uninterested in the needs of her children - who was once thought to cause schizophrenia in her child
Operant Conditioning
The process by which people learn to perform behaviors for which they have been rewarded frequently
Expressed Emotion
The general level of criticism, disapproval, and hostility expressed in a family
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