Abnormal Behaviors and Treatments

Modules 65-73, abnormal behaviors and treatments

Medical Model

psychological disorders can be treated, diagnosed, and cured like physical ones

ADHD

extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

Anxiety Disorder

characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

Social Anxiety Disorder

intense fear and avoidance of social situations

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

Panic Disorder

unpredictable minutes long episodes of intense dread (panic attacks)

Agoraphobia

fear or avoidance of situations where one has felt loss of control and panic

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts, actions, or both

PTSD

nightmares, social withdrawal, insomnia, etc., after a traumatic event

Major Depressive Disorder

someone experiences a depressed mood or loss of interest over more than two weeks

Bipolar Disorder

a person alternates between mania and depression

Mania

a hyperactive, widely optimistic state in which poor judgement is common

Rumination

overthinking our problems and their causes

Schizophrenia

delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished emotional expression

Psychotic Disorder

irrational ideas, distorted perception, and a loss of contact from reality

Hallucinations

false sensory experiences

Delusions

a false belief that may accompany psychotic disorders

Chronic Schizophrenia

a form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear in early adulthood

Acute Schizophrenia

form of schizophrenia, frequently occurs in response to a traumatic event

Somatic Symptom Disorder

symptoms take bodily form without apparent physical cause

Dissociative Disorder

conscious awareness becomes separated form previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

DID

a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities

Personality Disorders

inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

Antisocial Personality Disorder

a person exhibits a lac of conscience for wrongdoing

Psychotherapy

treatment involving psychological treatments

Biomedical Therapy

offers medications and other biological treatments

Resistance

the blocking from consciousness of anxiety material

Insight Therapies

therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses

Client-Centered Therapy

therapist uses active listening

Unconditional Positive Regard

a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude

Behavior Therapies

therapy that applies learning principals to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

Aversive conditioning

creates a negative response to harmful stimulus

Counterconditioning

behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli

Exposure Therapies

expose people to the things they fear/avoid

systematic Desensitization

used to treat phobias

Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy

people safely face their fears through virtual reality

Cognitive Therapies

therapy that teaches new ways of thinking

REBT

challenges people’s illogical ways of thinking

CBT

combines cognitive therapy with behavior therapy

Family Therapy

therapy that treats people in the context of their family

Meta-analysis

a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies

Antipsychotic Drugs

drugs used to treat severe thought disorders

Anti-anxiety drugs

used to control anxiety and agitation

Antidepressants

drugs treating depression and other disorders

rTMS

used to stimulate or suppress brain activity

Posttraumatic Growth

positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises