Textiles - Core technical principles

whats automation

use of machines

benefits of automation

* less waste
* low running coats

drawbacks of automation

* expensive set up

benefits of robotics

* increase efficiency
* reduce mistakes
* handle more things than humans

drawbacks of robotics

* expensive

how has smart technology improved buildings

* increased efficiency
* minimised waste

Benefits of crowdfunding

* free gifts
* discounts
* pre agreed profits
* borrow money

drawbacks of crowdfunding

* risky
* expensive
* interest rates

how does virtual marketing and retailing improve a business

* cheaper than a shop
* generate information on customers and demands

whats a coorperative, give an example

organisations with lots of people working together towards a common goal, john lewis

whats fair trade

ensures that workers in developing countries are given suitable working conditions and paid fairly

whats a finite resource

non renewable

whats a non finite resource

renewable

what does using finite resources cause an increase in

ecological footprint

who monitors disposal of waste

local councils

where does waste go to, why is this bad

landfill sites, releases harmful gases that pollute surroundings

how much did the UK recycle of household waste in 2016

25%

whats technology push

research and development in science and industry can lead to new discoveries, which can be used to improve existing products or develop new ones

when does technology push occur

before there is a customer demand for a product

whats market pull

how does market pull affect choice

designed for customers needs, customers will choose it

what has the decline in need for traditional skills been caused by

technology and automation

how have workers adapted to rapid changes in technology

workers have retrained or up skilled to manage the new technologies

what are fashion trends influenced by

changing technology

what are trend forecasts

being able to predict the future patterns and colours two years before products come to the market

how have fashion and trends changed due to new technologies

* smart materials
* high tech accessories
* 3D printing
* advanced products

what do designers have to consider when designing for the mass market

different cultures and beliefs

how are products designed for disabilities

* bigger letters


* braille
* automatic doors

how are products designed for the elderly

* larger letters
* louder noises
* automatic doors
* shoe horn

how are products designed for religious groups

* reduce certain symbols in a negative way
* diet options
* clothing requirements

positive impacts of continuous improvement on the environment

* reduce waste
* increase efficiency
* save resources

positive impacts of efficient working on the environment

* reduce errors
* reduce waste
* speedy production

negative impacts of pollution on the environment

* harm life
* harm oceans and land
* harm air

negative impacts of global warming on the environment

* pollute air and natural land
* release harmful substances
* emissions of greenhouse gases

Impacts of new products on the environment

* continuous improvement
* efficient working
* pollution
* global warming

what has automation caused

* increased in skilled workers
* decrease in job opportunities
* increase production
* reduce errors

what does CAD stand for

computer aided design

what is CAD

designing new products in 3D, visualise them in a variety of materials and send images for collabs and consultation

advantages of CAD

* ideas drawn and developed quickly
* designs can be viewed with a number of materials
* consumer feedback can be done before producing the product

disadvantages of CAD

* expensive
* need skilled workforce
* difficult to keep up with changing and improving technology

what does CAM stand for

computer aided manufacture

Advantages of CAM

* fast and accurate production
* machines can run constantly

disadvantages of CAM

* expensive
* need skilled workforce

what does FMS stand for

flexible manufacturing systems

what is FMS

a series of different machines producing different parts for product

how is FMS flexible

machines can be reprogrammed at any time to change their task

what does JIT stand for

just in time

what is JIT

only ordering the correct amount of materials needed

advantages of JIT

* saves money
* reduces waste
* no money waste

disadvantage of JIT

clients have to wait for their order to be purchased

what is lean manufacturing

based on minimising costs and maximising efficiency

how is lean manufacturing carried out

adapting designs and making changes in the production process

whats planned obsolescence

designing products that will have a limited life and will become broken and required to replace

why is planned obsolescence bad for the environment

creates more waste

benefits of planned obsolescence

* upgrades
* replaced by better models

whats design for maintainance

designing products that are more durable and have spare parts available to mend and maintain them

whats design for disassembly

when a product has reached the end of its life it can be taken apart and parts reused or recycled

why is design for disassembly and design for maintainance good for the environment

reduces waste

how can designers use environmental design

* making products from renewable materials
* transporting materials in a efficient way to cut down on emissions
* cutting down on use of finite resources for use in production and energy supply

how is power generated from coal

coal → water and steam → turbine → generator

advantages of coal

* loads of it
* high amounts of energy

disadvantages of coal

* produced carbon dioxide, which contributes to global warming
* damage to natural land

how much of the Uks energy production is natural gas

30%

how is gas commonly produced

off-shore

advantages of natural gas

* produced less carbon dioxide then coal and oil
* shale gas deposits in UK

disadvantages of natural gas

* highly flammable
* pollution of water

what is oil mainly used for

* fuel
* turned into plastics

how does oil produce electricity

burned → steam → electricity

advantages of oil

* only a small amount needed to produce lots of energy
* easily stored and transported

disadvantages of oil

* air pollution
* considerable impact on water, land use and disposal

coal, gas and oil are all examples of what

fossil fuels

how is nuclear power generated

atoms are split → water is turned into steam → spins turbines → generators → electricity

nuclear energy makes up for how much of the UKs electricity

1/5

advantages of nuclear power

* no harmful gasses released
* more efficient than fossil fuels

disadvantages of nuclear power

* power stations have to close after around 40 years because the uranium becomes less efficient
* disposal of uranium is difficult and expensive
* high costs

renewable energy sources

* wind
* solar
* tidal
* hydro electrical
* bio mass

how is power generated by wind

blades turned in wind → drive a generator → produces the electricity

advantages of wind

* constantly available
* sustainable
* low running cost

disadvantages of wind

* wind isnt always occurring
* cost a lot to build and put in place
* dont look nice → local community issues

advantages of solar

* clean source
* reduce household energy bills

disadvantages of solar

* solar panels arent aesthetic
* costs a lot to install
* reliable on sun

how is energy generated from solar

solar panels, photovoltaic cells, convert the heat into energy

advantages of tidal energy

disadvantages of tidal

* construction is expensive
* \

how is energy generated from tidal

turbines

advantages for hydroelectrical power

* clean
* valves can open quickly
* no pollution

disadvantages of hydroelectrical power

* construction is expensive
* objections from people in local
* affects wildlife with floods

how is energy generated from hydroelectrical power

reservoir → turbines → generator

advantages of biomass

* clean
* carbon dioxide is released and can be reused by plants
* replacement plants can be grown quickly

disadvantages of biomass

* atmospheric pollution
* lots of land used

two main types of batteries

* single use
* rechargeable

features of rechargeable batteries

* more expensive than single use
* can be recharged
* more economical in the long term
* limited life span

what are single use batteries also known as

alkaline batteries

whats a kinetic-pumped storage system

a fast acting electrical energy storage system to top up the national grid power supply

commonly used modern materials

* concrete
* aluminium
* steel

why is graphene useful

100x more strong than steel

what is titanium useful

high strength to weight ratio

why are metal foams useful

strong but lightweight

what are LCDs usually used for

displaying images

what are nanomaterials usually used for

coatings, or repelling water