HOUSING: COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ASPECTS OF HOUSING

Neighborhood

a geographic area within which residents conveniently share the common services and facilities needed in the vicinity of their dwellings

Neighborhood

often set by physical boundaries:

• natural features such as topography of watercourses

•streets or highways

• manmade features, such as power lines, railroads, or other obstructions to development

• planning elements such as parks, open space corridors, and community facilities

center, edge

The neighborhood has a _____ and an ____. Combination of focus and a limit contribute to the social identity of the community

True

(True/False) The center is always a public space, which may be a square, a green or an important street intersection

Edges

_____ may vary in character:

- Can be natural, such as forests, or manmade, such as infrastructure

- May also be for low density residential use

- In cities and towns, ____can be formed by the systematic accretion between the neighborhoods of recreational open spaces, such as parks, schoolyards and golf courses

400 meters

The optimal size of a neighborhood is a _______ from center to edge; Equivalent of a 5-minute walk at an easy pace

mix of activities

The neighborhood has a balanced ________ - dwelling,

shopping, working, schooling, worshipping and recreating

blocks

The neighborhood creates ______ with a network of

interconnecting streets and pedestrian routes

public space

The neighborhood gives priority to _______ and to the

appropriate location of civic buildings

District

an urbanized area that is functionally specialized

Corridor

at once the connector and the separator of neighborhoods and districts

Streets

are not the dividing lines within the city, but communal rooms and passages.

Pattern

[Streets]

- Street network

- Connectedness and continuity of movement

- Variety of alternative paths connecting various destinations shall minimize the traffic load on any one street.

Hierarchy

[Streets]

- Variety of streets based on their pedestrian and vehicular loads

-Assign streets to be accessible to both vehicle and pedestrian traffic

-Distances between intersections and a proper rhythm of building form on given blocks encourage walkability

Figure

[Streets]

- The architectural character of streets is to be based on their

configuration in plan and section

- Building heights are to be proportional to right-of-way widths

- The number of traffic lanes will balance vehicle flow and pedestrian crossing consideration

- Shirts and scale within street sections is to be accomplished by the design of the landscape, building edges and other vertical streetscape elements

Detail

[Streets]

-The design of streets shall favor their proper use by

pedestrians

-The governing principles are

▪minimized block radii to slow cars at intersections,

allowing easy crossing by pedestrians

▪landscaped medians to reduce apparent street widths

▪two-way streets that improve pedestrian crossing safety

▪properly designed curbs and sidewalks at intersections that

accommodate the impaired

▪street parking protects pedestrians from the actual perceived danger of moving traffic

Block

the field on which unfolds both the building fabric and the

public realm of the city. Allows a mutually beneficial relationship between people and vehicles in urban space

250-600 feet

Blocks may be square, rectangular, or irregular in shape. They are between ______.

▪allows single buildings to easily reach the edges of blocks at all densities

▪forces parking to be located away from the sidewalk, either

underground, in the middle of the block or in the street

lofted

City blocks are to be ______ so that all their sides can define public space. A variety of widths and depths of individual lots determine the range of building types and densities that will eventually establish the intended city fabric

perimeter

At its ________, each block is to be divided into parkway, sidewalk, and setback. Within each block, lobbies, major ground floor interior spaces and public gardens of all kinds and sizes are to be understood as an extension of the public space of the city

height, setbacks, projections

The predominant visual character of all built fabric depends on several attributes of building envelopes: their ______, mandated ________, and ______ define the enclosure of the street

mass

Their maximum width along with their height defines a building’s ______.

Setback lines

__________ and the percentage build-to at their edges

establish the fundamental rhythm between open space and built form on each block.

Threshold elements

________ at the setback line, such as arcades, porches, stoops, stairs, balconies, eaves and cornices, loggias, chimneys, doors and windows, are the means by which buildings interface with and determine the life of the street.

cars

The omnipresence of _____ within the public realm threatens the vitality of cities

True

(True/False) Accommodating the pedestrians is the first order of priority for parking

middle of blocks or underground

Cars are best accommodated in the _________.

Public open-space

___________ types (civic parks, neighborhood parks, etc.) shall be designed to be inhabited, not solely viewed

Semi-public

_________ ones (quads, courtyards, patios) are to give life and internal character to urban blocks

Building

the smallest increment of growth in the city. Their proper configuration and placement relative to each other determines the character of each settlement.

functionalism and universal flexibility

Modern views of architecture -__________________, have resulted in exclusive zoning and the fragmentation and disconnection of parts of the city from each other

Building types

___________ are organized by reference to dwelling, employment, or institutional first uses based on common architectural elements

Floor Area Ratio (FAR)

___________ zoning regulations are totally abstract and favor the design of buildings as singular objects. They are to be replaced with building envelope guidelines that link entitlements with predictable physical and architectural definitions of the public realm.

True

(True/False) Parking requirements shall be established on a neighborhood and district basis as opposed to building by building

Fabric buildings

are to conform to all street and block-related rules and are consistent in their form with all other buildings of their kind

Monumental buildings

are to be free of all formal constraints. They can be unique and idiosyncratic, the points of concentrated social meaning in the city

True

(True/False) Built form and landscape form are mutually dependent

Frontality

shall allow three scales of architectural expression which are:

o Emphasizes the public character of the streets

o Reflects the semi-public nature of open spaces interior to

the block

o Responds to the service nature of alleys and backyards

Coding

Specific Street, block and building design rules for public or

private developments shall be typically designed and presented in the form of a code.

street plan

A community plan often contains a _______ that indicates future alignments and widths of right-of-way. Conducts traffic between communities and activity centers and connect to major state and interstate highways.

•Topography

•Soil and geologic conditions

•Drainage

•Future land uses

Decision regarding internal street layout should result from evaluations of a variety of factors:

Open Space

those portions of the development that is not included in the

saleable lots, houses and commercial properties. May contain the storm water management systems, lakes, creeks,

ponds, landscape buffers, private roads and rights- of-way, natural topographical features, entry (monument) areas, pedestrian pathways, parks, greenbelts, directional signage, walls or fences and environmentally sensitive properties

Private

[Types of Open Space] land improved for use in

a recreational capacity

Public

[Types of Open Space] land that has been purchased or dedicated for public use

Common

[Types of Open Space]

deeded to a community property owners’ (or homeowners’) association that the developer creates and operates for the benefit of owners of property within the development

Common open space

may contain a multitude of improved and unimproved property, including the entrance to the community, parks, pedestrian pathways, recreational facilities (pools, sports fields, bath houses, and so on), landscaped buffers, the streetscape, walls and signage

Commercial Space

neighborhood shopping center; retail shops for convenience goods and the supply of basic services

Public Space

include schools, libraries, and facilities for public services like police protection, fire protection and emergency rescue

Institutional Space

schools, daycare, church

Street Classification

— according to their service function:

a. Local streets: major and minor

b. Collector Streets: major and minor

c. Arterial Roads

d. Freeways

Layout Types of Streets

a. Gridiron

b. Modified grid

c. Curvilinear

d. Court

e. Cul-de-sac

f. Offset

g. Loop

h. T-type turnaround

Utility Elements

Includes Water, Wastewater (Municipal systems, Community systems, Individual systems), and Energy and Communications

Landscape Elements

Includes Grading, Storm water management, Erosion and sedimentation control, Plant materials, Walls and fences (Perimeter walls and Retaining walls), Entrance gateways, Streetscapes, Design details (Private outdoor spaces, Sitting areas, Fountains and sculpture, Mailboxes, Trash collection

facilities, Signs, names and graphics)