The making of a Superpower USA - Foreign Policy (1933-1945)

What motivated the New Deals?

Economic recovery from Depression

What was the Monroe Doctrine transformed into?

Arrangements for mutual hemispheric action against aggressors

What did Roosevelt want?

The US to be a “moral force” for good in the world

Why was the 1933 Good Neighbour policy enacted?

Most of congress was isolationist, unlike Roosevelt

Where were US troops removed from?

Haiti, Dominican Republic + Nicaragua

What did Congress sign in 1934?

A treaty with Cuba that nullified the Platt Amendment

What motivated the US moving from isolationism?

To build friendships with other nations against Japan + economic recovery

Where did a US naval base remain?

Guantanamo

By 1938 how many treaties were signed with Latin America?

10

What was the effect of the 1934 Reciprocal Trade Agreement?

Repealed several isolationist trade policies from 1920s + US became more expansionist when it comes to trade

How many neutrality acts were there?

5

What did the 1935 neutrality act do?

Gave the president the power to stop US ships from carrying munitions to countries at war

What did the 1936 neutrality act do?

Banned loans / giving credit to countries at war

What did the 1937 (3rd) neutrality act do?

Avoided Spanish civil war + allowed nations to collect supplies (except munitions) with their own ships (cash + carry)

What did the 1937 (4th) neutrality act do?

Gave the president the power to decide who to trade with

What did the 1939 neutrality act do?

Extended cash + carry to munitions

Who won the 1940 election?

Roosevelt - 22 million votes, on terms of neutrality (reflects attitude of public as votes lower by 5 million compared to 1936)

What did Roosevelt change the US to and what did this entail?

The “arsenal of democracy” + involved all aid short of war (e,g. lend lease)

Where did Japan invade in 1931?

Manchuria in China - led to further expansion 1937

What did Japan declare after its expansion into China?

The open door policy was obselete

How did the US react to Japan’s growing presence in China?

Lent money to China, stopped selling planes + limited the amount of oil / iron sent to Japan

How did Japan react to its assets being frozen in 1941 and the oil embargo?

Attacked pearl harbour, 7 December 1941

What happened during the pearl harbour attack?

180 aircraft + 7 battleships were damaged + 7,000 died

When did the US declare war on Japan?

8 December 1941

What were the results of a 1937 Gallup poll?

70% thought US involvement in WW1 was a mistake + 95% opposed any future involvement in war