JAPAN — Background & Motivations

Meiji period

The period after 1868 when Japan rapidly modernized and sought to resist Western imperialism.

First Sino-Japanese War

A conflict between Japan and China from 1894 to 1895 that resulted in Japan's victory and increased national pride.

Russo-Japanese War

A conflict between Japan and Russia from 1904 to 1905 where Japan emerged victorious, enhancing its influence in northeast Asia.

Militarism

The belief that a strong military and an expanding empire were necessary for national security, gaining importance in Japan during the 1920s and 1930s.

Kwantung Army

The Japanese army group that organized the Mukden Incident in 1931 without full government approval.

The Great Depression

An economic crisis that began in 1929, significantly affecting Japan's export economy and contributing to support for military expansion.

Taiwan

An island gained by Japan following the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895.

Annexation of Korea

The formal incorporation of Korea into the Japanese Empire in 1910.

Economic self-sufficiency

The goal of Japan to rely less on imports by acquiring territories with raw materials and agricultural land.

League of Nations

An international organization established in 1920 aimed at maintaining collective security and preventing aggression after WWI.

Collective security

The idea that nations would cooperate to prevent aggression and maintain peace.

Manchuria

A region sought by Japan for its economic resources, strategic location, and potential for agriculture.

Japanese superiority

The belief held by Japanese nationalists that Japan had a special role in Asia and was superior to other nations.

Military independence

The increasing autonomy of the Japanese army from civilian political control during the rise of nationalism and militarism.

National pride

Feelings of pride and confidence that arose from Japan's military successes and territorial acquisitions.

Rural poverty

Economic hardship experienced by farmers, particularly after the collapse of the silk market during the Great Depression.