Pathophysiology Test One Material (copy)

Total Body Water (TBW)

Makes up 60% of body weight.

Intracellular Fluid (ICF)

Comprises 2/3 of TBW.

Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

Comprises 1/3 of TBW.

Fluid Movement

Constant movement occurs between ICF and ECF.

ECF Composition

Made up of interstitial fluid and blood plasma.

Interstitial Fluid

Lies between cells and makes up 80% of ECF.

Concentration Gradient

Movement between ICF and ECF is due to concentration differences.

Isotonic Range

Normal osmolarity range is 280 to 300 mOsm/L.

Hypertonic Solution

Greater than 300 mOsm/L.

Hypotonic Solution

Less than 280 mOsm/L.

Sodium's Role

Sodium influences fluid movement between ICF and ECF.

Hypernatremia

Sodium levels greater than 145 mEq/L.

Hyponatremia

Sodium levels less than 135 mEq/L.

Hydrostatic Pressure (HSP)

Pushing force from blood into interstitial fluid.

Oncotic Pressure (OP)

Holding force that keeps water in the blood.

Edema

Build-up of fluid in interstitial fluid, also known as swelling.

Causes of Edema

Increased plasma HSP, decreased plasma OP, increased capillary permeability, impaired lymph drainage.

Normal Blood Potassium Levels

3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L.

Hyperkalemia

Potassium levels greater than 5.0 mEq/L.

Hypokalemia

Potassium levels less than 3.5 mEq/L.

Calcium's Role

Influences neuromuscular excitability and establishes threshold.

Normal Blood Calcium Levels

8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL.

Hypercalcemia

Calcium levels greater than 10.5 mg/dL.

Hypocalcemia

Calcium levels less than 8.5 mg/dL.

Arterial Blood pH

Normal range is 7.35 to 7.45.

Alkalosis

pH greater than 7.45.

Acidosis

pH less than 7.35.

Metabolic Focus

Centers on bicarbonate as a base.

Respiratory Focus

Centers on CO2 as an acid.

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

Diagnostic tool for assessing blood gas levels.