Unit 10 Vocab

Albumen print

First commercially available photo method using egg white and salt on paper, coated with silver nitrate, and exposed to light

Aquatint

Metal plate covered in wax, drawn into, submerged in acid, resin sprinkled, heated, and dipped in acid to create watercolor-like effect

Art Deco

Style descended from Art Nouveau, characterized by streamlined, elongated, and symmetrical design

Art for Art's Sake

Concept expressing the inherent value in art, even without a moral, historical, or didactic message

Art Nouveau

Art style focusing on decorative and natural, organic forms to create elegant and curvilinear designs

Avant-garde

Innovative artists rejecting traditional approaches in favor of experimentation

Chicago Style

First major modernist architectural movement in the US, characterized by steel-frame construction and simple, grid-like aesthetic

Collodion method

Wet-plate photography technique using light-sensitive collodion on glass, allowing short exposure time but requiring wet development

Dry glass plate method

Photography technique using light-sensitive gelatin on glass, allowing dry development

Fenestration

Arrangement of doors and windows on a building's elevation

Form follows function

Design principle where the function of a building determines its design

Haussmanization of Paris

Urban development in Paris including widening boulevards, fenestrated buildings, modern bridges, and train stations

Japonisme

Attraction to and interest in Japanese art, influencing Impressionists

Lithograph

Printmaking technique using a flat stone surface, oil-based crayon, and water to repel ink

Pastiche

Artistic work imitating that of another artist, work, time period, culture, or style

Plein-air

Painting in the outdoors to capture light and atmosphere, practiced by Impressionists

Skeleton

Supporting interior framework of a building

Synesthesia

Union of senses where one sense causes a sensation with another

Toilette

A woman doing her hair and makeup, a common Old Master painted subject

Zoetrope

Device that projects sequences of photographs to give the illusion of movement, assembled from a magazine

Allegory

Pictorial device revealing a larger moral or political idea

Burnishing

Printmaking technique using a burnisher to polish, make corrections, or lighten the color of a metal plate

Daguerreotype

Early photograph with a shiny surface and no negatives, developed by Louis Daguerre

Drypoint

Printmaking technique where an artist scratches directly into a plate with a stylus to create textured lines

Gothic Revival/Neo-Gothic

19th-century architectural movement to revive medieval Gothic architecture, predominantly English

Hammerbeam roof

Decorative open timber roof typical of English Gothic architecture

Hudson River School

New York City-based landscape painters influenced by Thomas Cole

Manifest Destiny

19th-century American attitude that the US was destined to stretch from coast to coast

Odalisque

Woman in a harem

Orientalism

Imitation, interest in, or depictions of Middle Eastern, South Asian, and East Asian cultures, popular in 19th-century Europe

Pinnacle

Gothic architectural ornament, small tower placed at the corners of larger towers

Sublime

Inspiring great admiration or awe in the extraordinary, powerful, and dramatic