alberta science 10 unit B2

alberta science 10 b2

Kinetic Energy

The energy of motion; defined as the energy an object possesses due to its velocity.

Potential Energy

Stored energy due to an object's position or condition; can do work when released.

Displacement

A vector quantity representing the change in position of an object, indicating direction and distance.

Distance

A scalar quantity measuring the total length of the path traveled by an object.

Gravity

A force that attracts two bodies towards each other, proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Work

The energy transferred to or from an object via the application of force along a distance.

Acceleration

The rate of change of velocity of an object; can be due to an increase or decrease in speed or a change in direction.

Scalar Quantity

A quantity that has magnitude only and no direction (e.g., distance, speed).

Vector Quantity

A quantity that has both magnitude and direction (e.g., displacement, velocity).

Gravitational Potential Energy

The potential energy held by an object due to its vertical position or height in a gravitational field.

Elastic Potential Energy

The energy stored in elastic materials as the result of their stretching or compressing.

Chemical Potential Energy

The energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds, released during chemical reactions.

Nuclear Potential Energy

The energy stored in the nuclei of atoms; can be released during nuclear reactions such as fission.

Mechanical Energy

The sum of kinetic energy and potential energy in a system.

Conservation of Energy

The principle stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

Velocity

A vector quantity that refers to the rate at which an object changes its position, including direction.

Speed

A scalar quantity measuring how fast an object is moving, calculated by distance divided by time.

Time Interval

The difference in time between two events, a scalar quantity.

Uniform Motion

Motion at a constant speed in a straight line; no acceleration is present.

Negative Work

Work done against the motion of an object which reduces its kinetic energy.

Force

A push or pull exerted on an object that can cause it to accelerate.

Energy Transformation

The process of converting energy from one form to another, such as potential energy to kinetic energy.

Mechanical Energy

The sum of potential energy and kinetic energy in an object; used in mechanical systems.

Friction

The resistance encountered when one object moves over another; converts kinetic energy into thermal energy.

Thermal Energy

Energy that comes from the temperature of an object; results from the kinetic energy of particles.