Nursing exam vocabulary

Primary and preventative healthcare services

Focuses on improved health outcomes for an entire population by promoting health visits, health education, proper nutrition, and family planning, etc.

Secondary healthcare, acute care

Provided by a specialist or agency on referral by primary care provider. Urgent care, ambulatory care, outpatient surgery, etc..

Tertiary healthcare

Specialized consultative care usually upon referral from secondary medical personnel. Cardiac surgeon cease. Patient referred from cardiologist.

Primary prevention

Avoid development of disease. Remove risk factors.

Secondary prevention

Early detection treatment. Prevention progression.

Tertiary prevention

Reduce complications of established disease

Acute disease

Usually reversible and has short duration. Symptoms are abrupt and intense and subside in a short amount of time. Pneumonia.

Chronic disease

Usually lasts more than six months is reversible and affects functioning in one or more systems. Diabetes, depression.

The five components of the magnet model

One transformational leadership. Two structural empowerment. Three exemplary, professional practice. For new knowledge innovations improvements. Five empirical quality results.

Healthcare disparities

Differences in healthcare outcomes and dimensions of healthcare, including access, quality equity, among populations and groups

Wellness

A positive state of health holistically

Quatenary prevention

Protecting clients from the excessive use of medical interventions that can cause more harm than good

Ethics

The study of ideas of right and wrong behavior. A set of principles that govern behavior that are based on values. Tangible, practical objectives, etc..

Morals

Once judgment about behaviors based on their own specific beliefs, more personal. Not universal.

Deontology

Actions as right or wrong based on adherence to rules/principles. Doesn’t look at consequences but the actions.

utilitarianism

The value of some thing is determined by its usefulness. Emphasizes the outcome. The greatest good for the greatest number of people determines the action. May not always look at rules.

Casuistry

Case based reasoning, determines best actions focused on details of the situation

Ethical dilemma

When two opposing Courses of action can both be justified by ethical principles

Moral distress

Getting dug into a pit when going against your morals, feeling very conflicted

Ethics of care

Alternative to utilitarianism and deontology similar to feminist views, focus on caring and being Practical

Community based healthcare

Chronic disease maintenance disease focused. Everyone in the community poor and unsure. Outside of the hospital. Acute care. Example clinics, hospice schools, parishes, etc..

Public health nursing

Health, promotion and disease prevention, improving quality of life, wellness and prevention focused. The population and surrounding county or city primarily groups and can be individuals within the group. Health department, school, nurse, and many other locations.

Community health, nursing

Health, promotion, disease, prevention, improving quality of life, wellness, and prevention focused. Individuals or families. Home health parish nursing.

Things that cause, disparities in healthcare from individual to individual

Discrimination or exclusion, poverty, environmental threats, and adequate access to healthcare, individual and behavioral factors, education inequities

Affordable care act. ACA.

A law enacted in 2010 to improve healthcare quality, while lowering costs and expanding the Medicaid program

Sentinel event

An adverse event that should never happen. Death in the hospital operating on the wrong limb, giving wrong med etc..

Medicare

Government healthcare coverage for 65 years or older. Under 65 with disabilities. Or any age with end stage renal disease

Medicaid

Government healthcare coverage for a client who must meet eligible requirements based on clients income in relation to poverty level

Social determinants of health

Doctors that impact health other than healthcare services. Location, environment, genetics income, relationship and gender.

Primary care

Can screen the client and treat them for routine illness promote wellness and prevent disease. Examples, physician, nurse practitioner, PA.

Community care

Focuses on preventative services caring for clients before admission

Hospice care

Provided to clients when they are going to live less than six months. The goal is comfort or support services for the client and family.

Palliative care

Treatment focused on the management of symptoms of chronic or life-threatening illnesses while maintaining the highest level of quality life

Respite care

Allows client to be cared for apart from the caregiver to to give them a break

Code of ethics

Developed by ANA. The document outlines rules for nurses about client privacy, nursing conduct, and nursing behavior to protect clients and the profession.

Treatment and labor act

Ensures that all individuals, regardless of insurance or financial status have equal access to emergency medical care

Tort

Carrying out an act, or failing to carry out an act, which results an injury, or harm to a client

Informed consent

Formal permission, granted with the knowledge of the possible consequences and alternatives

Implied consent

Agreement by the client to the administration of care as demonstrated by the clients actions rather than formal verbal or written consent

Advanced directives

A written statement of a persons wishes regarding medical treatment