Main treatments of Thyroid disorders - PBSci 7

Thionamides (Methimazole, Propylthiouracil)

Inhibit thyroid peroxidase (TPO) to reduce iodination and coupling of MIT/DIT, decreasing T3/T4 synthesis

Radioactive iodine (I-131)

Selectively taken up by the thyroid where beta-emission destroys thyroid tissue

Surgery (thyroidectomy)

Physical removal of the thyroid gland to reduce hormone production

Beta-blockers (e.g., propranolol)

Block adrenergic symptoms like tachycardia and tremors

Iodide (Lugol's solution, KI)

High doses temporarily inhibit thyroid hormone release via the Wolff-Chalkoff effect

Levothyroxine (T4)

Synthetic T4 converted peripherally to active T3 to restore normal thyroid hormone levels

Liothyronine (T3)

Direct replacement with the active hormone

Hypothyroidism

Levothyroxine (T4)

Hypothyroidism

Liothyronine (T3)

Hyperthyroidism

Thionamides (Methimazole, Propylthiouracil)

Hyperthyroidism

Radioactive iodine (I-131)

Hyperthyroidism

Surgery (thyroidectomy)

Hyperthyroidism

Beta-blockers (e.g., propranolol)

Hyperthyroidism

Iodide (Lugol's solution, KI)