Enlightenment History Test

This is a study guide, some of these may not be in the test/ or there might be more questions that I had not included.

Scientific Method

**The steps to construct a hypothesis using observation, measurement, experimentation, formulation, and testing.**

Telescope

**A tool used to view distant objects and to make them appear nearer using lenses and curved mirrors. (Galileo built this)**

Heliocentric model

Sun is the center of the world, while planets circle it.

Geocentric model

Earth is the center of the world, while planets AND sun circles it.

Law of gravitation

**Law created by Newton that states any particle of matter in the universe attracts any other with a force varying directly as the product of the masses and inversely as the square of the distance between them.**

Galileo

born in Italy, astronomer, mathematician, supported the heliocentric model 

Copernicus

Born Poland, astronomer, jnvented the heliocentric model

Isaac Newton

**born in U.K, mathematician, physicist, astronomer, created various physic laws.**

Leo de Vinci

**born in italy, painter, engineer, scientist, started inventions of many things that we use today.**

Denis Diderot

Created encyclopedia

Franz Joseph Haydn / Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart / Ludwig van Beethoven / Saint George

changed how music was played, the sound and who could listen. Helping to open up large public theatres, making this form of music international, adding new instruments the lute, cello and bassoon

Samuel Richardson

often considered the first true English novel. He would write about of a young servant girl who refuses the advances of her master.

Frederick the Great

**Granted religious freedoms, reduced censorship, abolished torture, improved justice system.**

Joseph II

ruled Austria 1780 - 1790. **Abolished serfdom, introduced freedom of the press, supported freedom of religion.**

Catherine the Great

ruled Russia from 1762 to 1796. **Recommended religious toleration, abolishing torture/capital punishment, agreed with and supported other enlightenment figures.**

\
\-Read the works of philosophies, and she exchanged many letters with Voltaire.

Salon

**social gatherings where people have educational/philosophical discussions.**

baroque

**European art style in 1600s-early 1700s**

neoclassical

(Music style) simple and elegant style that borrowed ideas and themes from classical Greece and Rome.

Enlightenment depot

means absolute ruler, they supported the philosopher idea, had no intention to giving up power

Voltaire

Freedom of though & expression / religious freedom

Montesquieu

Separation of power

Jean-Jacques

Individual Freedom

Ceaser

Criminal justice form

Mary

advocate for women

Enlightenment & Revolution

1500-1789

enlightenment in Europe

**A revolution in intellectual activity changes Europeans’ view of government and society.**

Endoxus

Created geocentric model