Chapter 1 - The Properties of Gases (copy)

Partial pressure

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Virial equation of state

van der Waals equation

Compression factor (Z)

The ratio of its measured molar volume to the molar volume of a perfect gas at the same pressure and temperature.

STP

Standard temperature and pressure, which is 0°C and 1 atm.

metal container

Has diathermic walls.

molar volume of a perfect gas at STAP

24\.789 dm^3 mol^- 1.

Intermolecular forces

They are important at low temperatures since molecules travel slowly meaning they can be captured by one another.

Van der Waals coefficients

The constants a and b.

Mechanical equilibrium

A condition of equality of pressure on either side of a movable wall.

STAP

Standard ambient temperature and pressure, which is 298.15 K and 1 bar.

Temperature

The property that indicates the direction of the flow of energy through a thermally conducting, rigid wall.

Daltons Law

When all the gases are perfect, the partial pressure is the pressure each gas would occupy if it occupied the same container alone at the same temperature.

vacuum flask

An adiabatic container.

critical constants

Related to the van der Waals coefficients.

Principle of corresponding states

The observation that real gases at the same reduced volume and reduced temperature exert the same reduced pressure.

Diathermic boundary

If there’s a change when two objects with different temperatures come together.

Kelvin

Unit of temperature used in thermodynamics.

Thermal equilibrium

When there’s no change of state if two objects are in contact through a diathermic boundary.

Boyles and Charles Laws

Limiting laws, meaning they are only true to a certain limit.

Diathermic

Thermally conducting.

Elastic collision

Collision in which the total translational kinetic energy of the molecules is conserved.

Vapor pressure

Pressure corresponding to CDE, when both liquid and vapor are present in equilibrium.

molar volume of a perfect gas at STP

22\.414 dm^3 mol^- 1.

Gas

A collection of molecules/atoms in continuous random motion with an average speed that increases with temperature raise

Pressure

Force divided by the area where the force was applied

Most common units for pressure

Pascal, atmosphere, and bar

Barometer

Used to measure the pressure done by the atmosphere

Pressure gauge

Used to measure the pressure of a gas inside a container

Temperature

The property that indicates the direction of the flow of energy through a thermally conducting, rigid wall

Measures of temperature

Celcius, Fahrenheit, or Kelvin,

R

Constant of proportionality, gas constant

Perfect or ideal gas

A gas that obeys this equation exactly under all conditions

Molar volume formula

Vm = RT/p

Repulsive forces

Contribute to expansion

Attractive forces

Contribute to compression

Intermolecular forces

They are important at low temperatures since molecules travel slowly meaning they can be captured by one another

Boyle temperature

The temperature where Z → 1 with zero slope at low pressure or high molar volume

Critical temperature (Tc)

The temperature at the critical point

Critical pressure (Pc)

The pressure at the critical point

Critical molar volume (Vc)

The volume at the critical point

Perfect gas isotherms

Obtained at high temperatures and large molar volumes