WCHS Mrs. Herrick Honors Chemistry

What is this GHS symbol?

Oxidizers

What is this GHS symbol?

Flammable materials

What is this GHS symbol?

Explosive; self reactive

What is this GHS symbol?

Gases under pressure

What is this GHS symbol?

Acute toxicity

What is this GHS symbol?

Corrosion; severe skin burns and eye damage

What is this GHS symbol?

Health hazard

What is this GHS symbol?

Environmental hazard

What is this GHS symbol?

Irritant toxicity

What are the three most unique GHS safety symbols?

Exploding bomb, flame over circle, and health hazard

Which of the following are qualitative data?: Length, color, density, average atomic mass, & wavelength

Color

Which of the following are quantitative data?: Length, color, density, average atomic mass, & wavelength

Length, density, average atomic mass, and wavelength

What is the difference between the meanings of mass, volume, density, and their units?

Mass

Meaning: How much matter an object has

Units: grams (g), kilograms (kg)

Volume

Meaning: How much space an object takes up

Units: liters (L), milliliters (mL), cubic centimeters (c³)

Density

Meaning: How much mass is packed into a given volume

Units: g/mL, g/cm³

Which of the following is not made of matter?: Heat, air, sunlight, heterogenous mixture, helium, electrons, gamma rays

Heat, sunlight, and gamma rays

What is the difference between the test tube holder, beaker tongs, and crucible tongs?

A test tube holder is made to hold one test tube, beaker tongs are used to pick up beakers, and crucible tongs are used to hold hot beakers

What is this piece of equipment called?

Beaker

What is this piece of equipment called?

Corks

What is this piece of equipment called?

Erlenmeyer flask

What is this piece of equipment called?

Crucible tongs

What is this piece of equipment called?

Beaker tongs

What is this piece of equipment called?

Rubber stoppers

What is this piece of equipment called?

Bunsen burner

What is this piece of equipment called?

Wire gauze

What is this piece of equipment called?

Crucible

What is this piece of equipment called?

Evaporating dish

What is this piece of equipment called?

Ring stand

What is this piece of equipment called?

Gas bottle

What is this piece of equipment called?

Iron ring

What is this piece of equipment called?

Mortar and pestle

What is this piece of equipment called?

Test tube

What is this piece of equipment called?

Utility clamp

What is this piece of equipment called?

Watch glass

What is this piece of equipment called?

Safety goggles

What is this piece of equipment called?

Pipestem triangle

True or false: The first thing when using a fire extinguisher is to aim at the base of the fire

False; the first step is to pull the pin

True or false: You should always use lots of cream first on a thermal burn

False; cool the burn under water

How many significant figures are in 0.005506?

4

What has more volume when comparing two objects with the same mass?: An object with a higher density or an object with a lower density

An object with a lower density, the mass is spread out over a larger space

What is the official unit for time?

Seconds

What is the official unit for temperature?

Celsius

What is the official unit for mass?

Kilogram

What is the official unit for length?

Meter

What is the official unit for amount of substance?

Mole

Give an example of a base unit

Meter

Give an example of a derived unit

Speed (m/s)

Classify the following as elements, compounds, or mixtures?:
1. Living tissue

2. Lemonade with pulp

3. Ice

4. Smokey air

5. Aluminum foil

6. Soil

7. Baking Soda

8. Hydrochloric acid solution

1. Mixture

2. Mixture

3. Compound

4. Mixture

5. Element

6. Mixture

7. Compound

8. Mixture

What are the 7 diatomic elements?

1. Bromine

2. Iodine

3. Nitrogen

4. Chlorine

5. Hydrogen

6. Oxygen

7. Fluorine

Are the diatomic elements classified in another group of matter?

No

Can mixtures be separated?

Yes, by physical means

Can elements be separated?

No

Discoveries of Democritus

• Matter is made of atoms

• Atoms are tiny & indivisible

• Atoms move in empty space

• Different atoms= different matter

Discoveries of JJ Thompson

• Discovered the electron (-)

• Proposed the plum pudding model

• Showed atoms are not indivisible— they have smaller parts

Discoveries of Rutherford

• Gold foil experiment →discovered the nucleus

• Nucleus is tiny, dense, and positively charged

• Most of the atom is empty space

• Electrons orbit around the nucleus

Discoveries of Bohr

• Electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed energy levels

• Electrons can jump between levels by absorbing or releasing energy

Discoveries of Dalton

• Proposed Atomic Theory

• All matter is made of indivisible atoms

• Atoms of the same element are identical

• Atoms of different elements combine in fixed ratios to form compounds

• Chemical reactions involve rearranging atoms, not creating or destroying them

Discoveries of Schrodinger

• Developed the Schrodinger wave equation

• Describes where electrons are most likely to be

• Introduced the concept of orbitals

• Helped form the quantum mechanical model of the atom

Discoveries of Heisenberg

• Formulated the Uncertainty Principle

• It’s impossible to know both an electron’s exact position and momentum at the same time

• Helped develop quantum mechanics

Discoveries of Aristotle

• Believed all matter is made of four elements: water, air, earth, fire

• Thought mater is continuous (no atoms)

• Ideas were widely accepted for 2,000+ years

• No experimental evidence for his ideas

Discoveries of Chadwick

• Discovered the neutron (neutral)

• Explained missing mass in atoms

• Completed the modern picture of the nucleus (protons + neutrons)

_____ radiation is the most dangerous and penetrating to tissue

Gamma

_____ waves have the longer waves, low frequency and energy

Radio

Of visible light, ____ has the shortest waves, highest frequency and energy

Violet light

True or false: The atomic number can be a number with decimal places

False

True or false: The mass of an isotope, that gives off a beta particle, does decrease

False

What is the difference between the excited state and ground state of an electron, and which has to occur to see the color of light to be given off?

• Ground= low energy

• Excited= high energy

• Light/color= electron falling back to ground state

Which has lower frequency?: Yellow, red, blue, or green light

Red→yellow→green→blue→violet

Which has longer wavelength?: X-rays, infrared, gamma rays, or microwaves

Microwaves→infrared→x-rays→gamma rays

True or false: As the wavelength of a wave decreases, then its frequency increases

True

True or false: Energy is being absorbed by an atom when its electrons are going back to ground state

False, energy is being emitted

What is the family name that B is part of?

Halogens

What is the family name that E is part of?

Alkaline metal

What period number is C located in?

5

What major group is E? (metal, nonmetal, or metalloid)

Metal

What major group is D? (metal, nonmetal, or metalloid)

Nonmetal

Which elements are representative elements?

E, D, B, A

Which element(s) are transition metal(s)?

C

Which element(s) are in the S block?

E

Which elements are in the P-block?

D,B,A

Which elements can become a cation more easily than an anion?

E & C

Which elements can become an anion more easily than a cation?

D, B, A

Which elements are the most reactive in their major families?

E & B

Which element is not reactive at all?

A

Which element has the most electronegativity?

B

Which element is the largest size in its period?

E

Which element has the least ionization energy?

E

Which element is the smallest size in its period?

B

Which two elements tend to want to lose electrons due to their number of outermost electrons?

E & C

Which two elements tend to want to gain electrons due to their number of outermost electrons?

D & B

Are neutral or cations usually smaller?

Cations

List the valance electrons of element E, B, and D, and will they lose or gain electrons?

E:

• 1, lose electrons

B:

• 7, gain electrons

D:

• 5, gain electrons

Another name of homogenous mixtures are: colloids, emulsions, solutions, suspensions

Solutions

Atom

Smallest unit of an element that is still the element

Element

Category of matter made up of only one type of atom

Diatomic atom

Atoms of 7 elements that bond together in pairs when in a pure substance

Compound

Matter composed of 2 or more atoms of different elements chemically bonded in a fixed proportion

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Pure substance

Type of matter that has a definite formula to represent it

Heterogeneous mixture

Type of mixture that does not have uniform composition (unevenly mixed)

Homogeneous Mixture

Type of mixture that has uniform composition (evenly mixed)

Are neutral atoms or anions normally bigger in size?

Anions