SCIENCE

resource

Anything supplied by the Earth to satisfy a particular need of humans or other living things.

renewable resource

A resource that is replaced by natural processes that occur less than a human lifetime.

Non-renewable resource

A resource that takes longer than the average human lifespan to be replaced

matter

the particles that make up everything (has volume)

Evaporation

When heat turns liquid water into a gas called water vapour

transpiration

Evaporation of water from minute pores in the leaves of plants.

Condensation

When the water vapour in the air cools it changes state into a liquid, forming tiny water droplets in the sky.

Precipitation

Any form of water such as rain(liquid water), snow or hail(solid water) that falls from the sky and reaches Earth's surface.

Percolation

the process of water soaking into soil because of gravity

Infiltration

The process by which water on the surface soaks into the soil.

run off

Water that flows over the ground surface into creeks rivers and oceans, rather than soaking into the ground.

renewable energy sources

Sources of energy able to be replaced through ongoing natural processes using renewable resources as their fuel.

Non-renewable energy sources

Primary sources of energy that are depleted as they are used, using non-renewable resources as their fuel.

examples of nonrenewable resources

oil, natural gas, coal, and uranium

Examples of renewable energy sources

solar power, water, wind energy, biomass fuels, geothermal and hydrogen.

Examples of renewable resources

solar, wind, and water

Examples of non-renewable energy sources

-Coal
-Oil
-Natural Gas
-Nuclear fuels

geothermal energy

Energy sources from heat below the Earth's crust

solar energy

Solar power is generated when energy from sunlight is converted into electricity or used to heat water, air or other substances.

Hydroelectricy

The process of using moving water to turn turbines and generate electricty

Biomass

Plant and animal matter found on earth.

biofuel

Liquid fuel created from processed biomass

Gravity

A force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses and distances.

gravitational field

a force field that exists in the space around every mass or group of masses

axis

An imaginary line that passes through Earth's center and the North and South poles, about which Earth rotates

rotation

CIRCULAR MOVEMENT AROUND AN AXIS

weight

A measure of the force of gravity on an object

Mass

the amount of matter in an object

solstice

The longest(summer) or shortest(winter) day of sunlight that occurs when the sun is furthest from the Earth's equator.

Equinox

The two days of the year on which neither hemisphere is tilted toward or away from the sun, when day and night are equal in length.

What does solstice mean(do)?

The longest period of day light and the shortest period of day light

What does equinox mean(do)?

12 hours of daylight/12 hours of darkness on ENTIRE planet

equator

An imaginary circle around the middle of the earth, halfway between the North Pole and the South Pole

hemisphere

one half of the earth

orbit

The curved path of an object as it revolves around another object in space. Such as a star, planet or moon revolving around another celestial body.

Revolution

The movement of an object around another object (earth revolves around sun every 365.25 days)

Eclipses

When an object (e.g. the Moon or the Earth) falls into the shadow of the other.

lunar eclipse

Occurs at a full moon when Earth is directly between the moon and the sun therefore casting a shadow on the full moon

solar eclipse

Occurs when the Moon passes directly between the Sun and Earth and casts a shadow over part of Earth (New Moon)

umbra

When an eclipse occurs the umbra is the very darkest part of the moon's shadow; cone shaped

penumbra

the lighter part of a shadow where light is partially blocked

Tides

the regular rise and fall of the ocean's surface influenced by the moon's gravity pulling on earth

Spring tide

a tide just after a new or full moon when the sun and moon have the greatest gravitational pull on the sea resulting in higher high tides and lower low tides

Neap tide

When the sun and moon are at right angles to each other resulting in lower high tides and higher low tides meaning less range in tides.

How much of Earth's fresh water is available to living things

only 0.3% of earths fresh water is available 98% is either stored underground or frozen.

Seasons

Earth has seasons because because its axis is tilted as it moves around the sun therefore sunlight is absorbed at various parts of the Earth.

Earth's elliptical orbit

Earth revolves around the sun in an elliptical (oval) orbit

Moon's elliptical orbit

Moon revolves around the earth in an elliptical (oval) orbit

Aphelion

point in a planet's orbit that is farthest from the sun

Perihelion

the point in the orbit of a planet, asteroid, or comet at which it is closest to the sun.

Apogee and Perigee

Apogee - The moon is farthest away from the earth's center
Perigee - The moon is closest to the earth's center

How are high and low tides made

The sun and Moon's gravitational pull draws large bodies of water toward themselves. The gravitational force causes the water to bulge out on the side closest to the Moon and the side farthest from the moon.

Compare solar and lunar eclipses

A lunar eclipse occurs when the earth passes between the moon and sun whereas a solar eclipse is when the moon passes between the earth and sun

Contrast revolution and rotation within the solar system

Revolution is the movement of one object around another.
Rotation is a single complete turn of an object

Examples of revolution and rotation

revolution - the earth revolves around the sun
rotation - the Earth rotates on it's axis

Contrast a total and partial lunar eclipse

A lunar eclipse is when the moon passes completely into the shadow of the Earth whereas a partial lunar eclipse occurs when the moon does not fully move into the shadow.