Ethnography: Definition, Types, and Methods

Flashcards covering the fundamental concepts, procedures, types of access, and ethical considerations of ethnographic research as described in the lecture.

Ethnography

The study of a population's ethnicity, cultural traits, and social organization focused on its region origin or a place to which it has migrated.

Ethnographies (Literal Meaning)

Literally means 'writing about people groups.'

Ethnographic Research Setting

Performed in the field or in a natural setting rather than a controlled environment.

Holistic Nature

A quality of ethnographies that includes a history of the culture, their routines, practices, and a discussion of their environment.

Main Data Collection Method

Observation is the primary form of data collection, though interviews are often used for clarification.

Researcher Role

In ethnographies, the researcher plays the role of the learner, assuming they know very little and are in the setting to learn.

Open Access

A type of research access where the researcher does not need permission to collect data in public settings like malls or concerts, though they must be accepted by the group.

Closed Access

A type of research access where the researcher needs permission and introductions to the population, such as in hospitals, schools, and corporations.

Gatekeeper

The person from whom a researcher must obtain permission and introductions to access a closed population.

Concurrent Data Analysis

The process in ethnography where data collection and data analysis happen at the same time.

External Reliability

Refers to whether a study can be replicated by the original researcher or by others.

Internal Validity

Refers to whether a study actually measures what it proposes to measure.

External Validity

Refers to whether the findings of a study can be extended to other groups.

Overt Research

A study where the researcher informs the participants and is transparent about the research being conducted.

Covert Research

A study where the researcher does not inform the participants they are being studied, which carries risks of deception and loss of trust.

Informed Consent

A document that describes the research study in plain language to the participants.