master streams

What are the two types of fire streams mentioned?

Fixed and portable.

What is a short mode of fire fighting?

Offensive attack when the fire is not structurally problematic.

What is a transitional attack?

An aggressive attack on the interior from the exterior, alongside interior line placement.

What is the primary purpose of a long defensive operation?

To handle situations where interior operations are no longer safe or practical.

What type of exposures do single-family and multi-family structures have?

Single-family has detached exposure; multi-family has attached exposure.

When should a master stream be used during an auto exposure?

To address exterior fire spread.

What does TR stand for in the context of fire operations?

Truck.

In a multi-family building with exterior stairs, what is the TR's priority during a rescue?

To hug the curb away from the fire.

What is the purpose of a trench cut in roof operations?

To slow horizontal fire spread.

What is the advantage of using smooth bore nozzles?

They provide high volume at low pressure with minimal air entrapment.

What are the characteristics of a Blitz fire nozzle?

It allows for aggressive interior knockdown with a max flow of 500 GPM, tested up to 600 GPM.

What is the theoretical vertical reach of a central master stream in high rise firefighting?

140 ft at a 75-degree nozzle inclination.

What does NFPA rating depend on during drafting?

It is established while drafting from 10 ft above.

How does pressure differ from volume in fire operations?

Pressure is used to drive the volume needed to put out a fire.

What happens to the flow rate if a fire hydrant is at its limit?

The system may 'run away from water' indicating that the pump exceeds the available water supply.

What are some signs of wall failure during firefighting?

Cracks in load-bearing walls, corners pulling apart, sagging lentils, or failed parapets.

What does an automatic constant pressure fog nozzle do?

It adjusts flow by a progressive coil spring, ensuring consistent discharge pressure.

What should be done if there is an indication of smoke or fire in a building?

Transmit an immediate second alarm and stage at least a block away.

What is a common characteristic of taxpayer buildings?

Storefronts with load-bearing walls adjacent to other occupancies.

What impacts the flow capabilities on fireground operations?

Diameter and length of hose, elevation changes, and friction loss.