Catholic Reformation Vocab

Columbus

His explorations were part of the plan to counter Islam in the Orient while Spanish missionaries and armies countered Islam in North Africa and The Middle East.

Columbus

He set sail in 1492 and didn't realize how big our world was before sailing.

Sir Francis Drake

defeated Philip II's Spanish Armada

Atocha

1000s of silver bars from the Inca mines were found on this shipwreck in 1622. The wealth of Peru and Mexico was used to fund Spain's war on Protestant nations.

Ferdinand and Isabella

This was the king and queen of Spain who took over Catholic Spain and started the Spanish Inquisition. They gave Columbus the funds to find a route to Asia.

Ferdinand and Isabella

Helped to aid the Franciscan monk Ximenes with the purification process of the Catholic Church.

Diaz

In 1488, he reached the Cape of Good Hope (Storms)

Vasco da Gama

Returned from his expedition to India with 60 times more value than the trip cost.

Vasco da Gama

Defeated the Arabian suites of East Africa on the way back from India

Magellan

This was the first person to lead an expedition that circumnavigated the world. (1519-1522)

Ceuta

a Muslim city in North Africa Prince Henry conquered in 1415; the Portuguese found exotic stores.

Cueta

In 1415, this fell and Portugal gained control of African gold trade.

France

colonized North America, Indo China, and parts of Africa

Spain

In 1492, the Muslims were driven out, and they sought to spread purified Catholicism more closely associated with traditional Catholic doctrines.

Spain

Had competition with Portugal which made the pope divide them into two nations.

Spain

Colonized Central and South America, western and North America, Philippines, and west Indies; treated the Aztecs harshly.

Spain

Slaughtered the Incas and Aztecs; Slaved mined and farmed for them; Became the rich.

Dutch

Controlled areas of North America, Indonesia, and South Africa. Many of the them saw themselves as Israel taking a new "Promised Land."

English

Gained control of North America, parts of Africa, India, Middle East, Australia, and parts of China.

English

Their exploitation was tempered with an attitude that they were preparing people to govern themselves.

Portuguese

They were forced to become the masters of the Atlantic and the early travelers to distant places.

Russia

Built its huge land empire during the period of colonization

Line of Demarcation

The border line that separates Portugal from Spain and into two Catholic nations.

Jesuits

Opposed the enlightenment; they did mission work in remote areas of the world; opposed to the enslavement of the Indians and proclaimed the Indians as fully human; were loyal to the counter reformation

Jesuits

became the Masters of all areas including science, agriculture, and theology

Loyola

Continued Ximenes' work by helping to found the jesuits.

Ximenes

With the aid of the monarchs, he required priests and monks to be educated, enforced stricter standards of morality, and promoted education of the common people.

Cromwell

Defeated Charles I; when he died, war again broke out.

Henry the Navigator

His men explored West Africa, and the Atlantic Islands.

Henry the Navigator

From these expeditions, the Portuguese developed improved ships and opened black slave trade to Europe.

Charles I

Supported by the nobility, made war on Parliament, but was defeated by Oliver Cromwell and parliament of farmers and shopkeepers; was defeated and beheaded for treason.

Charles I

He believed in the divine right of Kings and wanted to force his religious policies. The Puritans saw this as the return of Catholic practices and fled to America instead.

Robespierre

Leader of the Revolution. He believed that the King had to die to start a new revolution. He wanted the first 2 estates to pay taxes. He was guillotined.

Robespierre

He claimed to the king devoured the sustenance of 1000 men each day; he was known as the incorruptible; he called for liberty, equality, and fraternity

Robespierre

Said the king must die so that the revolution may live. If the king is right to the revolution is wrong; he was the last person to die at the guillotine

Louis XVI

The king of France during the French revolution; spent France into bankruptcy; wasted money while 26 million French people starved. They were childless for seven years so we gave rise to many rumors; bread cost of months wages in this ruler wasted the states money; he talks to the poor and not the rich; was married to Marie Antoinette

Bastille

An old prison. People stormed the Bastille to get gunpowder for their muskets. Many people say this is where the revolution started.

Bastille

It was torn down by hand by the revolutionaries; it became the event that marked the beginning of the French revolution;

Bastille

Was infamous for torture it served as a symbol of terror to the people of France

The Terror

A period of violent repression. The Constitution was suspended and anyone who said anything that stood out in commentary got arrested. 100,000 people killed in just ONE night.

The Great Terror

This was the last phase of terror. They executed their own allies. Their reasoning for this was because they weren't radical enough or they did not bring enough traitors to the government. More than 800 killed per month.

Bartoleme

Protector of the Indians (1484-1566)

Marat

He was a man of anger. He sees that everyone is plotting against each other. He wrote in his paper to inform people to take action.

Marat

The Prayer: Heart of Marat, heart of Jesus (He is the new Jesus, the new Savior).

Enlightenment

This is a propaganda term for the age when people rejected faith in God

Bartolome Las Casas

He wrote a book "the destruction of the Indies" which detailed what the Spanish did to the American Indians and also to the black people of the world.

Bartolome Las Casas

He went into the area of Guatemala proclaiming the Gospel of Jesus Christ talked about Indian equality in Indian rights at a time

Cromwell

English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War (1599-1658)