Barnett Exam 3

Woodrow Wilson

President during WWI; wanted a peaceful, liberal capitalist world based on international law that was safe from the dangers of traditional imperialism and revolutionary socialism.

Traditional imperialism

Has colonies, global influence, and engaged in trade/commerce

Liberal Capitalism

Free elections and trade; no high tariffs. Democratically elected government.

Otto von Bismarck

Son in the Junker family. He was widely known for womanizing and his mother that never saw anything bad in him. He later becomes a stateman and the Father of the German Nation. Delivers the Blood and Iron Speech. Has a close relationship with Wilhelm. He is sent to the diet of the German confederation, leaves wanting to make Germany.

Prussia

Has a big war with Denmark, along with other countries, and they continue to win. King Wilhelm I.

Wilhelm I

King of Prussia, has a close relationship with Bismarck

Junker

Family members of the Prussian aristocracy noted especially for militarism; Otto von Bismarck

Ems

Wilhelm's vacation spot where everything goes crazy. Spa town. Napoleon goes here to look for Wilhelm... can't find him... Goes back to Paris

Ems Despatch

Bismarck gets Wilhelm's telegraph to Napoleon and rewrites it to make it sound like Wilhelm chose not to meet with representative because he doesn't respect France. This starts a WAR.

Napoleon III

Emperor of France; one of the most successful leaders ever. He wanted to build the French empire. Meanwhile, Bismarck was planning on his attack on France.

Versailles Palace

This is where Wilhelm and Bismarck set up HQ when they took over France.

Alfred von Tirpitz

German responsible for creating the German navy; had unlimited money at his disposal to build the navy.

John Fisher

Admiral that led the British Fleet. He introduced a new class of battleship.

Dreadnought

Made by John Fisher. new class of battleship in the British Fleet that was the largest and most heavily armed warship in history.

Two Power Standard

Focused around the British Fleet. Said they would enlarge the British Fleet to be able to defeat any two fleets against them.

Dreiskaiserbund

Refers to the alliance of Austria-Hungary, Russia, and Germany

Franz Ferdinand

Arch Duke of Austria-Hungary. Married to Sophie. Went on vacation to Bosnia where he would later be assassinated by The Black Hand. What most historians consider the reason WWI started.

Franz Joseph

Emperor of Austria-Hungary since 1848. Doesn't believe in a representative government. Is the Emperor before Franz Ferdinand

Sophie

Wife of Franz Ferdinand that said yes to them going on vacation for their anniversary where Ferdinand would be assassinated

Balkans

People that Franz Ferdinand was over. They got mad and created the Black Hand.

Bosnia

Vacation location of Franz Ferdinand where he would be assassinated. It is also where the Black Hand is located.

Sarajevo

This is where the newspapers publicize that Ferdinand will be, so the Black Hand now have a chance.

Blackhand

A "secret" organization of radicals that want to be independent from Austria-Hungary. They don't believe having representation in the government will be enough, so they train people to assassinate him.

Gavrilo Princip

Assassin in the Black Hand that actually kills Franz Ferdinand and Sophie in the crowd of people. Drinks expired vial of poison and is later taken to jail.

Serbia

Austria-Hungary makes demands with this country after the assassination. The "little brother" of Russia. A-H declares war on them and this starts the procession of countries pointing guns at each other.

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Leader of Germany. He tells Nicholas II to demobilize after Russia responds to A-H's attacks on Serbia.

Schlieffen Plan

Germany prepares for war: "Germany will take out France first and then turn on Russia."

Lord Grey

government minister in Great Britain at the time that comes from a working family. Understands the severity of the war going on and realizes GB will inevitably become involved. Makes effort to prevent this. Tells Germany to get out of Belgium or else.

Central Powers

Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Turkey

Triple Entente

"Allies". The cornerstone is the alliance of France, Russia, and Great Britain

Edward House

Wilson's friend and trusted advisor. Wilson uses him to carry the "Peace without Victory" proposal

Peace without Victory

Proposal made by Wilson for the European countries to simply stop fighting. Carried out by Edward House.

Issac Ellwood

Businessman that made Barbed Wire popular in WWI.

Joseph Glidden

Inventor of Barbed Wire

Shell Shock

the effects of the war on soldiers, such as breakdowns, paralyzed, becoming mute, Eyes bouncing in their heads, or walking in jerky motions.

Lusitania

Ship headed from US to its home in Great Britain. Germany is terrified of America joining the war so they tried to get them to cancel, but they didn't and the ship exploded and sank with American lives on board due to a German Uboat hitting it. Great Britain tried to use this to for America into the war through propaganda.

Sussex Pledge

New rule made by German command towards the Uboat captains. "when you see a vessel that you intend to target, you must surface, inform the ship that they will be attacked, allow the passengers to abandon ship, and they attack."

Romanov Dynasty

Dynasty that ruled Russia before the Bolshevik Revolution

American Expeditionary Force

The army of the US at the time that they enter the war. Used the Selective service act to enlarge the army, calls for a draft: men 21-30 register for draft. age group began to expand.

Bernard Baruch

Man in charge of the War Industries Board. controversial because he was Jewish. Saves steel by making all bikes the same and prohibits the manufacture and sale of corsets.

War Industries Board

group in charge of managing/restricting the manufactures and sales of things throughout the war to be sure the needs of the war were met first.

American Psychological Association

Made the IQ test

Intelligence Quotient Test

Most of the men that enlisted in the army would not pass this test

Josephus Daniels

Secretary of the navy, believed that some of the tasks being done in the navy could be done by women, so he went to congress and got is so that women could enlist.

Mustard Gas

Blisters the skin. New Technology in WWI

Chlorine Gas

Affects Respiratory System, new Technology in WWI

Provisional Government

In the Revolution in Russia, after Czar Nicholas II is overthrown, the Autocracy is overthrown and replaced with this. this makes it so Wilson can enter in the war!

Bolshevik Revolution

Led by Vladimir Lenin, a revolution in Russia to overthrow the provisional government

Leon Trotsky

Appointed by Lenin to the commission for foreign relations. He is told to get Russia out of the war and make peace. Comes up with the No Peace, No War Policy

No Peace, No War

Policy made by Trotsky to get Russia out of the war; "wouldn't negotiate with Germany but would tell his troops to stop firing"

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Treaty that made Russia leave WWI

Vladimir Lenin

Leader of the Bolsheviks and led them to the Bolshevik Revolution. He appointed Trotsky.

Compiegne

City in France where Wilson meets French and British representatives to force Germany to sign an armistice.

Fourteen Points

Blueprint for new world that is presented to Congress. It outlined that Oceans/Seas would be neutral grounds, redrawn lines of Europe, and reduction of armaments.

Georges Clemence

Treaty of Versailles

Germany's signature of this treaty outlined this:
1. War Guilt Clause
2. Reparations Clause
3. Disarmament Clause

War Guilt Clause

Germany takes full responsibility for the war

Reparations Clause

If Germany's fault, they should have to pay 33 billion dollars in damages

Henry Cabot Lodge

Senator of Massachusetts; important in the Treaty of Versailles. He doesn't agree with the treaty which forces Wilson to go across the country seeking support

Cary Grayson

Robert Lansing

Secretary of State during Wilson's sickness that got fired. Was very liked by Wilson.

League of Nations

Peace for Wilson; promoted international cooperation and communication

Pueblo, Colorado

Wilson goes here seeking support for the Treaty of Versailles, and the crowd is incredibly supportive. Leads to Wilson passing out.

Sedition and Espionage Act

Prevents any opposition to the war by prohibiting anything that was against the war. Led the Schenck vs. US

Disarmaments Clause

Making certain that Germany never again has the capacity to wage war

Schenck vs US

Case in which it was argued that the Espionage and Sedition act was unconstitutional per the first amendment. Decision: Uphold the acts. "In times of clear and present danger, freedom of speech and the first amendment could be suspended.

Warren G. Harding

President representing the Republican Party elected in 1920 under the campaign "return to normalcy." He went on a cruise on the coast of CA and became deathly ill and died of food poisoning before ever reaching shore.

Return to Normalcy

Warren G. Harding's campaign for presidency

Herbert Hoover

Ran against Al Smith for presidency.

A. Mitchell Palmer

Attorney General that called to the government to see if there was a racial problem in America; he said YES

Calvin Coolidge

called "silent cal"; didn't do much in his term of presidency

Porfirio Diaz

Dictator of Mexico, overthrown by Madero

Fransisco Madero

Staged a revolt to overthrow Diaz

Victoriano Huerta

Assassinates Madero soon after he overthrows Diaz. During his rule, Wilson hated him because of the violence he used to gain power.

Venustriano Carranza

Falls into power of Mexico after Huerta dies; Wilson offers him help but he thinks Wilson should keep his nose out of it.

Poncho Villa

Corrupt General of Carranza. Starts a group called the Banditos and starts a civil war.

Banditos

Group led by Poncho Villa and started the civil war in Mexico

John Pershing

Ordered by Wilson to take a group of people in the American Expeditionary Force to Mexico to stop Poncho Villa and the Banditos terror.