Unit 7 Key Terms

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34 Terms

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Robert E. Lee
Confederate general who won many battles despite being outnumbered but lost key battles at Antietam and Gettysburg.
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George McClellan
Union general who could raise strong armies but was fired for being too cautious.
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Copperheads
Democrats in the North who opposed the Civil War, opposed Lincoln, and supported slavery.
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New York Draft Riots
Violence that occurred over anger that wealthy Northerners could pay their way out of the draft and because immigrants worried about ex-slaves stealing their jobs.
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Anaconda Plan
Strategy of the Union to win the war by using the navy to cut off trade along the Confederate coast and Mississippi River.
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"Stonewall" Jackson
Confederate general known for the bravery he showed in the Battle of Bull Run who was later killed in the war.
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Battle of Bull Run
First official battle of the Civil War, which resulted in a surprise Confederate victory and showed the Civil War would be long and bloody.
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Ulysses S. Grant
Union general whose aggression won many battles, later became president.
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Battle of Shiloh
Battle that established Ulysses S. Grant as a top general but at the cost of heavy Union casualties.
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Battle of Antietam
Turning point battle that caused Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation and ended chances of England helping the Confederacy.
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Emancipation Proclamation
This document by Lincoln said that slaves in rebelling states were free.
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54th Massachusetts
Famous African-American regiment that fought for the Union army after emancipation.
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Clara Barton
Famous nurse in the Civil War who later founded the American Red Cross.
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Siege of Vicksburg
Turning point event in the Civil War that secured the Mississippi River for the Union and divided the Confederacy.
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Battle of Gettysburg
Turning point battle that turned back a Confederate invasion of the North and was the biggest battle of the Civil War.
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Sherman's March to the Sea
Event in which a Union general used "total war" to destroy southern property and divide the Confederacy.
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Election of 1864
This reelected Lincoln as president and ensured he could continue the effort to preserve the Union.
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Appomattox Courthouse
Site of General Lee's surrender to General Grant, essentially ending the Civil War and giving the Union victory.
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13th Amendment
This law banned slavery in the entire United States.
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John Wilkes Booth
He assassinated Abraham Lincoln.
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Reconstruction
Time period in which the federal government brought the South back into the Union and tried to rebuild the South.
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Freedmen's Bureau
Government agency that was meant to give poor ex-slaves (and whites) education, food, clothing, and help them find work during Reconstruction.
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Andrew Johnson
President who was impeached by Radical Republicans largely because of his opposition to their plan for Reconstruction.
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Radical Republicans
Group in Congress that wanted Reconstruction to involve military occupation of the South and full rights for black ex-slaves.
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Black codes
Laws passed in southern states during Reconstruction to restrict the rights of black ex-slaves.
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14th Amendment
This law defined blacks as citizens that were entitled to equal protection under the law.
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Military Reconstruction
Action of Radical Republicans that used the military to control the South during Reconstruction and force southern states to give blacks equal rights.
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15th Amendment
This law gave all races (such as black ex-slaves) the right to vote.
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Carpetbaggers
Term for northerners who moved south during Reconstruction to help Republicans, but many ended up exploiting the South for personal gain.
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Scalawags
Term for southerners who helped carpetbaggers during Reconstruction and were often seen as traitors to the South.
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Ku Klux Klan
Underground organization that formed during Reconstruction to resist northern influence through terrorism.
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Election of 1876/Compromise of 1877
Event in which Rutherford Hayes became president in exchange for ending Reconstruction.
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"New South"
Term that described post-Civil War industrialization of the South but continued oppression of black southerners.
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Sharecroppers
Poor farmers, often ex-slaves, who paid to rent land by giving the land owners most of their crops.