Pre-AP Biology Unit 3 Exam Outline

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17 Terms

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Phospholipid Bilayer
The fundamental structure of cell membranes, composed of two layers of phospholipids.
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Diffusion
The movement of small molecules from areas of high concentration to low concentration without energy.
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Osmosis
A type of diffusion that specifically moves water through a semipermeable cell membrane.
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Active Transport
Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP).
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Hypertonic Solution
A solution with a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution, causing water to move out of a cell.
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Hypotonic Solution
A solution with a lower concentration of solutes compared to another solution, causing water to move into a cell.
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Isotonic Solution
A solution with equal concentrations of solutes compared to another solution, resulting in no net movement of water.
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Cellular Respiration
The process that uses oxygen and glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP, occurring in the mitochondria.
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Aerobic Respiration
A type of cellular respiration that requires oxygen and produces carbon dioxide, water, and a high yield of ATP.
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Anaerobic Respiration
A type of cellular respiration that does not require oxygen and produces less ATP, may include alcoholic or lactic acid fermentation.
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Photosynthesis
The process that uses sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create glucose and oxygen, occurring in chloroplasts of plants.
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Xylem
Plant tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves.
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Phloem
Plant tissue that transports sugars and nutrients produced by photosynthesis from leaves to other parts of the plant.
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Interphase
The phase of the cell cycle where the cell prepares for division, consisting of G1, S, and G2 phases.
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Mitosis
The process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, consisting of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
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Cancer Cell
A cell that divides uncontrollably and can invade other tissues, differing from normal cells.
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Carcinogens
Substances that can lead to cancer by causing alterations to cellular DNA.