2. cold war crisis

when was berlin wall built

1961

who was berlin wall built buy

USSR - khrushchev

how long was wall

1300 km

why was wall built

berlin had a refugee problem - many east germans crossed into west germany via berlin

what was berlin ultimatum

stated that berlin belonged to east gerany and that any tropops must leave in 6 months

what was a consequence of berlin wall

standoff at checkpoint charlie

when did kennedy visit west berlin

1963

what did kennedy do in west berlin

‘ich bin en berliner’ speech

what was his speech about

it was an expression of solidarity with people of west berlin

why did summit meetings begin

Sov. union didn’t want to go to war with usa as they know they would loose.

where were the 4 summit meetings

geneva, camp david, paris, vienna

when was geneva summit

may 1959

who was at geneva summit

foreign ministers

when was camp david summit

sept 1959

who was at camp david

eisenhower and khrushchev

when was paris summit

may 1960

who was at paris

eisenhower and khrushchev

when was vienna

june 1961

who was at vienna

kennedy and khrushchev

when was cuban missile crisis

1962

why did the cuban missile crisis begin

soviet nuclear missiles were placed on cuba - this was very close to USA

when was bag of pigs invasion

april 1961

what was the original idea for bag of pigs

cuban exiles trained by CIA were to invade cuba - this way it would not look like the USA were doing so

what acctualy happened at BOP

• planes recognised as US

• castro new of invasion in advance - us troops were forced to surrender as castro came prepared

impact of BOP

USA cuban relationship shattered

USA USSR tentions increased

USSR cuban relationship increased - more soviet weapons

when was kennedy informed that US spy planes had found missiles sites on cuba

16th october 1962

when did Kennedy decide to blockade cuba

22oct 1962

whne did usa and soviet union prepare for immediate attack

25th oct 1962

when did khrushchev offer to remove missiles if USA did the same to italy and turkey

26th oct

whne did khrushchev agree with usa deal of never attacking on cuba if missles from turkey and italy were removed

28th oct

consequences of CMC

• soviet missiled withdrwan

• usa missiles with drawn

• usa never invade cuba

• hightened tentions between superpowers

who was czechoslovakian leader in 1968

dubcek

what did dubcek’s reforms result in

prague spring

what was paige spring

a period of increase political tension in 1868

how did rest of communist world respond to prague spring

fears that it would lead to collapse of soviet rule

what were 3 examples of prague spring reforms

• more political freedom

• limited decentralisation of economy

• reduced censorship

when did soviets invade czechoslovakia

20-21st against 1968

how many people were killed at soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia

less than 100

who was brezhnev

ussr leader after 1964

what was brezhnev doctrine

brezhnevs justification as to why he invaded

what did brez say in his speach

if there is a capitalist threat in a communist country then soviet union and satilite stated have the right to invade

one consequence czechoslovakia invasion

increased rivalry between china and soviets and china critiqued the invasion of a fellow communist country