eisenhower's foreign policy

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1
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who was secretary of state?

John Foster Dulles

2
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who was head of the CIA?

Allen Dulles

3
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who was vice president?

Richard Nixon

4
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who was the leader of the Soviet Union?

Nikita Khrushchev

5
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during which years was Eisenhower president?

1953-1961

6
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what political party did Eisenhower belong to?

republican

7
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what had Eisenhower been before becoming president?

an army general

8
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which pivotal ww2 battle had Eisenhower been in charge of?

D-Day

9
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what was the name of Eisenhower’s foreign policy as a whole?

the “new look”

10
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how long did it take Eisenhower to stop the Korean War (once he’d become president)?

6 months

11
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what kind of response did Eisenhower believe in?

asymmetric response / massive nuclear retaliation

12
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what was Eisenhower’s policy surrounding communism?

rollback

13
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did Eisenhower pursue rollback or containment regarding Korea?

containment

14
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why did Eisenhower use nuclear weapons to threaten countries?

to keep a low budget / “more bang for your buck”

15
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Which government organisation did Eisenhower use to carry out covert operations?

the CIA

16
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what did Eisenhower refuse to send France during the Vietnam War?

bombers and atomic bombs

17
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what kind of presidency was Eisenhower’s described as?

a “hidden hand presidency”

18
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who called Eisenhower’s presidency the “hidden hand presidency”?

Fred I. Greenstein

19
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what was the name of the two islands that China shelled during the First Taiwan Crisis?

Quemoy and Matsu

20
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what is the other name for Taiwan?

Formosa

21
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what were the CIA told to do in Iran?

organise pro-shah riots

22
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who did the CIA overthrow to put the Shah in power?

Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh

23
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why did the US get involved in Iran?

to protect British oil from the Soviets

24
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who called Eisenhower “devious in the best sense of the word”?

Richard Nixon, his vice-president

25
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Who stated the weaknesses of the “hidden hand presidency”?

Arthur Schlesinger

26
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What did Arthur Schlesinger claim the White House should be?

a place of moral leadership

27
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what did Eisenhower say that the cost of one modern heavy bomber was?

“The cost of one modern heavy bomber is this: a modern brick school in more than 30 cities”

28
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what did Eisenhower say that the cost of one modern destroyer was?

“The cost of one modern destroyer is five fully equipped hospitals”

29
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what did Eisenhower say about the dangers of an Arms race?

“under the cloud of threatening war it is humanity hanging from a cross of iron”

30
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when was the ceasefire in Korea?

27th July 1953

31
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when had covert CIA operations been useful for Eisenhower before?

whilst fighting against Hitler

32
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who did the CIA put into power in Iran?

The Shah, Mohammed Raza

33
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when was the coup in Iran?

19th August 1953

34
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when did communist China start to shell two small islands?

late 1954

35
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who controlled Quemoy and Matsu?

the nationalist Chinese on Formosa (Taiwan)

36
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what 2 things did Eisenhower do to intimidate the Chinese?

staged military manoeuvres off the Chinese coast and tested nuclear weapons

37
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what is the name for the risky policies that Eisenhower used?

brinkmanship

38
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what was the name of the operation where Eisenhower showed his executive branch what they would do in the event of war?

Operation Alert

39
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what did the West call the Soviets?

“world-wide communist conspiracy”

40
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what is the name of Eisenhower’s proposal to the Soviets where they would be permitted to fly over one another’s countries

“open skies”

41
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what was Khrushchev’s response to Eisenhower’s “open skies” proposal?

“you are simply trying to look in our bedrooms”

42
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who launched the world’s first satellite?

the USSR

43
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what was the name of the USSR’s satellite?

sputnik

44
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what was the term used to describe the difference in Soviet and American military capabilities?

the missile gap

45
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what was the first US satellite officially called?

Vanguard TV-3

46
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what was the first US satellite nicknamed?

flopnik / stayputnik / dudnik / oopsnik / kaputnik

47
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what else did the Soviets launch before the Americans?

intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM)

48
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how many months after the Soviets launched their ICBM did the USA do so?

5 months

49
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who accused Eisenhower of spreading misinformation regarding the missile gap?

JFK (the next president)

50
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what present did Khrushchev give Eisenhower when he visited the USA?

a miniature sputnik model

51
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where did relations between the Soviets and the Americans improve?

Camp David

52
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where did the first U2 spy plane fly to and when?

Kazhakstan (a Soviet satellite state) on 9th April

53
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what is the name of the town which the U2 spy plane failed to photograph?

Plesetsk

54
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who was the pilot of the U2 plane that was shot down?

Francis Gary Powers

55
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where did Powers take off from?

Peshawar, Pakistan

56
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on what day did the Soviets shoot down the U2 spy plane?

1st May

57
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At first, what did Eisenhower claim the spy plane was?

a NASA weather plane that crashed in Turkey

58
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who was Eisenhower’s press secretary?

James Hagerty

59
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what did Khrushchev call Eisenhower?

“a dirty capitalist thief”

60
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what was the White House described as (in relation to Eisenhower)?

“the tomb of the well-known soldier”

61
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What city in 1953 had massive demonstrations that were staged against Soviet Domination?

East Berlin

62
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In Latin America, what type of leader did the United States generally support?

right-wing dictators

63
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Who was elected President of Guatemala in 1953?

Jacob Arbenz

64
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What company was the largest landowner in Guatemala?

United Fruit Company

65
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Who did the United States back in the military takeover of Guatemala?

Colonel Carlos Armas

66
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What were countries called that did not choose to align themselves with U.S. or U.S.S.R.?

non-aligned states

67
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What was the temporary division of Vietnam called?

the 17th parallel

68
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What was the name of the leader the USA supported in the non-communist, southern portion of Vietnam?

Ngo Dinh Diem

69
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In Eisenhower's farewell address what did he warn against?

the military-industrial complex

70
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what was Eisenhower’s policy of dynamic conservatism?

prioritising social prosperity over conservative ideals of government spending

71
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why did some old guard republicans not like dynamic conservatism?

they were mainly anti-communist and preferred defence spending over welfare spending

72
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what was Eisenhower’s saying about dynamic conservatism?

"conservative when it comes to money and liberal when it comes to human beings"

73
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how many nuclear weapons did the US have by 1957?

5400

74
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how many nuclear weapons did the USSR have by 1957?

650

75
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when was the Suez crisis?

1956

76
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how many of the vessels passing through the Suez canal were British?

3/4

77
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what was the name of the Egyptian leader who nationalised the canal?

Abdul Nasser

78
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Which project in Egypt did the US withdraw its funding for, starting the Suez crisis?

Aswan High Dam

79
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when was the Eisenhower Doctrine created?

5th January 1957

80
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what was the Eisenhower Doctrine?

a nation could request American economic aid from US military forces if it was being threatened by armed aggression

81
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what year was the Hungarian uprising?

1956

82
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what was Eisenhower’s approval rating?

70%

83
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what was the code-name for the Iranian coup?

Operation Ajax

84
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what does SEATO stand for

Southeast Asia Treaty Organisation

85
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what did democrat Stevenson say about Eisenhower’s use of nuclear threats against China?

he criticised Eisenhower for “risking the third world for the defence of these little islands."

86
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what was NORAD?

North American Aerospace Defence Command

87
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when was NORAD founded?

1957

88
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what did historian Joseph Jockels say about NORAD?

"The establishment of NORAD was a descion for which there was no precedent in Canadian history in that it granted in peacetime to a foreign representative operation control of an element of Canadian forces in Canada."

89
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NORAD was a collaboration between which countries?

the United States and Canada