Absolutism, Enlightenment, & Revolutions

1st amendment

freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly, and petition

2nd amendment

right to bear arms

3rd amendment

no required housing of soldiers

4th amendment

no unreasonable search or arrest

5th amendment

no double jeopardy or witness against yourself

6th amendment

right to speed and public trial

7th amendment

right to a jury

8th amendment

no excessive bail and no cruel and unusual punishment

13th amendment

abolish slavery

19th amendment

women may vote

26th amendment

vote at 18

if someone is discriminated to vote due to gender, what amendment protects that

19th amendment

if someone is charged with the same exact crime twice, what amendment protects that

5th amendment

if you are sentenced to death for stealing a phone, what amendment protects that

8th amendment

if the mayor bans meetings for a religious club, what amendment protects that

1st amendment

political revolution

when something over-goes a radical change

People should be able to have a say in government

belief that people should have a voice in governing themselves

what is the relationship between the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment

people used observation and logic

sovereignty

supreme authority

how is power exercised in popular-sovereignty

citizens are able to vote for officials, government only has power from the people

deficit spending

when a government spends more money than it has

how does deficit spending contribute to revolutions

inflation, people experience hardships, and standards of living falls. This creates distrust and frustration by the people with the government

nation-state

a country in which the majority population shares beliefs and cultures

equal rights

when all people are treated equally and not based on gender or race

what is the biggest difference between equal rights and sovereignty

sovereignty is for those who qualify, discriminating against other races and genders, while equal rights guarantees no discrimination

importance of freedom and equality

to have equal opportunities and rights in life, and to be able to make independent decisions or have different ideas

american revolution cause

unjust taxing and no representation

french revolution cause

deficit spending and the rich government against the poverty of the people

haitian revolution cause

unequal rights and mass amounts of slavery

south american revolution cause

unequal rights to the indigenous people, they sought for equal rights from the colonists

atlantic revolutions

american, french, haitian, and south american

racical

extreme change, equality over order

liberal

some change, more government control

moderate

little change

conservative

no change, less government control

reactionary

return to past policies, violent, strong order

divine right

belief that you have a right to rule given by god

absolute monarchy

government where the monarch has complete power

limited monarchy

government where the monarch's power is split between them and the government

habeas corpus

legal principle prohibiting unlawful detention or imprisonment

what amendment follows habeas corpus

4th amendment

magna carta

free men have the right to liberty protected by the law, a monarch can punish his subjects, and a monarch's power should be limited by the law of the land

Phillip II

ruled spain, 1556-1598, absolute monarch by divine right

James I

stuart king of England, writes the "True Law of Free Money", argues king can make any law

Charles I

king of Britain, catholic, against parliment

Louis XIV

king of France, the "sun king", increases power of king

Charles II

king of England, suspends discriminating laws, attempts to break ties with parliment

James II

king of England, exiled for belief of changing England to Catholicism

William III & Mary II

signs English bill of rights, no taxes w/o parliament, no cruel and unsual punishment

glorious revolution

peaceful revolution in 1668 replacing king James II with William III & Mary II in fear of England becoming a catholic state

english bill of rights

laws protecting the rights of English subjects and Parliament, limiting the king's power, no taxes w/o parliament, no cruel and unsual punishment

King George I

king of England, goes to war with France, deficit spending during war, taxes colonies

french and indian war

war lead by King George I, concouring land from the indians, England in debt

who was beheaded after losing English civil war

King George I

wrote the Leviathan

Thomas Hobbes

Enlightenment

natural rights, less government control

where did the Enlightenment begin

Paris

Thomas Hobbes

believed that people are born selfish and need a strong central authority

John Locke

natural rights, shaped by experiences, fight for rights

who believe that government should exist to protect natural rights

John Locke

Montesquieu

french, wrote about separation of powers, 3 branches

which philosopher is America's branches based off of

Montesquieu

Voltaire

religious freedom, every idea can be challenged

Jean Jacques Rousseau

man is born free and everywhere he is in chains, will of the majority is supreme

Mary Wollstonecraft

women are equal, "Mind has no gender"

Adam Smith

government should not be involved in the economy, believed in Lassez-faire

who said "Man is an animal who makes bargains"

Adam Smith

John Adams

only property owners and educated men should be involved in government

Thomas Jefferson

Com. man can participate in government, government should be all

Lassez-Faire

policy allowing business to operate with little to no government interference

Natural rights

idea that all humans are born with rights

Life, Liberty, and Property

natural rights

Social Contract

an agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules