Female Reproductive Health and Related Conditions

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding female reproductive health, tumors, lymphedema, autoimmune diseases, and various related conditions.

What is endometriosis?

Reproductive anomaly of functional tissue found outside the uterus.

Where can functional tissue be found in cases of endometriosis?

Ovaries, broad ligament, vagina, intestines.

What are some symptoms associated with ovarian cysts?

Usually asymptomatic, can include bleeding, dull achy discomfort, infertility, and low back pain.

What is the most common form of ovarian tumor?

Ovarian cysts.

What is menopause?

The stage in life when women stop menstruation permanently and ovaries stop producing reproductive hormones.

What does dysmenorrhea mean?

Pain with menstruation.

What are the types of tumors?

Benign, malignant/cancerous, precancerous.

What does the 'T' in TNM tumor staging stand for?

Tumor size.

What does the 'N' in TNM tumor staging stand for?

Node involvement.

What does the 'M' in TNM tumor staging stand for?

Metastasis.

What characterizes Stage 1 tumor?

Tumor size <2cm, no palpable nodes, no metastases.

What characterizes Stage 4 tumor?

Doesn’t matter tumor size or node involvement, yes metastases.

What is tumor grading?

A system for classifying tumor cells based on appearance and growth rates.

What is the lowest grade in tumor grading?

Grade 1 - well differentiated tissue cells.

What does grade 3 in tumor grading indicate?

Poorly differentiated tissue cells that grow and spread aggressively.

What does BLT KP MM stand for in relation to cancer?

It's a mnemonic for the most spreadable cancers: Breast, Lung, Thyroid, Kidney, Prostate, Multiple myeloma.

What is lymphedema?

Swelling caused by an accumulation of protein-rich fluid when lymphatic system is not functioning properly.

Name one treatment for lymphedema.

Manual lymphatic drainage.

What is one symptom of cellulitis?

Swelling, heat, altered function, redness, pain.

What causes cellulitis?

Bacteria entering through skin openings such as cuts, burns, or abrasions.

What are two common treatments for cellulitis?

Antibiotics and rest.

Define apoptosis.

Cells die on their own without inflammation; a natural process.

How does necrosis differ from apoptosis?

Necrosis is messy and involves uncontrolled cell death with inflammation.

What is gout?

An inflammatory arthritis caused by uric acid crystal deposition.

What is ankylosing spondylitis?

Inflammatory arthritis of the spine characterized by morning stiffness.

What is systemic lupus erythematosus?

A serious autoimmune disease that affects multiple systems within the body.

What are the treatment goals for lupus patients?

Increase the quality of life and decrease pain.

What characterizes rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Autoimmune disease causing symmetrical small joint inflammation.

What is osteoarthritis (OA)?

Degenerative wear and tear of joints, typically asymmetrical.

List one similarity between RA and OA.

Both involve inflammation and can cause pain and stiffness.

What is a common sign of RA?

Nodules.

What is a sign of OA?

Crepitus or joint enlargement.

What is the most prevalent type of lupus?

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

What does CREST syndrome stand for?

Calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, Esophageal dysfunction, Sclerodactyly, Telangiectasia.

What is sclerodactyly?

Hardening of the fingers, causing them to curl.

How is multiple sclerosis treated?

Medications to reduce symptoms, exercise, and physical therapy.

What are contraindications for massage?

fever, cellulitis, open wounds, unstable MS symptoms.

What is the visual analog scale (VAS)?

A pain scale that ranges from 0 to 10.

What is a cystocele?

A condition where the bladder collapses.

What is the definition of amenorrhea?

Failure to begin or loss of menstruation by age 14.

What is the difference between discoid lupus and neonatal lupus?

Discoid lupus affects only the skin; neonatal lupus involves temporary conditions in newborns exposed to lupus antibodies.

What is preeclampsia?

Pregnancy-specific hypertension with blood pressure over 140/90 mmHg.

What is lymphangitis?

Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels due to a bacterial infection.

What signifies stage 3 lymphedema?

Spontaneously irreversible lymphedema with pitting.

What is one symptom of Raynaud’s disease?

Massive vasoconstriction in fingers, leading to loss of blood flow.

What technique may be used for improving lymphedema?

Compression therapy.

What are the symptoms of lupus?

Butterfly rash, joint pain, and fatigue.

What are two common symptoms for scleroderma?

Local edema and tight skin.

Define dyspareunia.

Pain during intercourse.

What does PID stand for?

Pelvic inflammatory disease.