ZOOL 325 Lab Terms

Rostrum

Anterior tip of animal

Eyespot (frontal eye pigment)

Light sensitive organ

Buccal Cirri

Excludes large particles from entering the pharynx

Wheel Organ

Creates current moving water into pharynx

Pharynx with bars and slits

Ciliated lining traps particles and moves them dorsally

Nerve cord

Component of the nervous system

Notochord

Provides rigidity to the longitudinal axis

Photoreceptors (ocellus/ocelli)

Light sensitive organs

Myomeres

Locomotory muscles

Hepatic diverticulum (midgut cecum or midgut diverticulum)

Produces some digestive enzymes, may be homologous with the liver and/or pancreas

Atrium

Body chamber housing organs

Atriopore

Water expulsion

Intestine (or hindgut)

Digestion

Anus

Waste expulsion

Epibranchial groove

Moves food particles from pharynx to gut

Ovaries or Testis

Reproductive organs

Endostyle

Produces mucous lining of the pharynx to trap particles, also binds iodine and produces iodine compounds, homologous with the endostyle in urochordates and the thyroid gland in higher vertebrates

Incurrent Siphon

Water/food intake

Excurrent Siphon

Water/waste expulsion

Adhesive Organs (papillae)

Used to attach to substrate

Statocyst (otolith)

Balance organ

Tail

Propulsion

Oral Papillae

Sensory structures also strain particles

Pharynx

Respiration and filter feeding

Spinal cord

Component of the nervous system

Subpharyngeal Gland

Produces mucous lining of the pharynx to trap particles, also binds iodine and produces iodine compounds, homologous with the endostyle in urochordates and cephalochordates and the thyroid gland in higher vertebrates

Gill Lamellae

Site of gas exchange

Hyperpharyngeal Ridge

Moves food particles from pharynx to gut

Placoid Scale

Protection and drag reduction

Poison Glands

Produce, store, and excrete poison

Mucous Glands

Produce, store, and excrete mucous

Chromatophores

Produce pigment

Scale

Protection

Arrectores Plumarum Muscle

Adjusts feather position

Sweat Gland

Produces sweat, temperature regulation

Sebaceous Gland

Produces oils, condition hair/fur

Arrector Pilli Muscle

Adjusts hair position

Palatoquadrate in sharks is homologous to

Articular in amphibians, reptiles, and birds, and malleus in mammals

Hyomandibular cartilage/hyomandibula in fish is homologous to

Columnella/stapes in amphibians, reptiles, and birds, and stapes in mammals

Brachial cartilages from arches two and three is homologous to

The hyoid in mammals

Angular in bony fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds is homologous to

The tympanic bulla in mammals

Pectoantebrachialis function

Draws the forelimb toward the midline

Pectoantebrachialis homology

Pectoral fin adductor

Pectoralis minor function

Draws the forelimb toward the midline

Pectoralis minor homology

Pectoral fin adductor

Xiphihumeralis function

Draws the forelimb toward the midline and turns the manus forward

Xiphihumeralis homology

Pectoral fin adductor

Latissimus dorsi function

Pulls forelimb dorsocaudally

Latissimus dorsi homology

Pectoral fin adductor

Spinotrapezius function

Pulls the scapula dorsally and caudally

Spinotrapezius homology

Cucallaris

Acromiotrapezius function

Adducts and stabilizes the scapula

Acromiotrapezius homology

Cucallaris

Clavotrapezius function

Protracts the humerus

Clavotrapezius homology

Cucullaris

Spinodeltoid function

Retracts the humerus and rotates it laterally

Spinodeltoid homology

Pectoral fin abductor

Acromiodeltoid function

Retracts the hyumerus and rotates it laterally

Acromiodeltoid homology

Pectoral fin abductor

Levator scapulae ventralis function

Pulls scapula cranially

Levator scapulae ventralis homology

Hypaxial musculature

Clavobrachialis function

Flexes the forearm

Clavobrachialis homology

Pectoral fin abductor