electron structure (copy)

What is aufbau principle

Electrons enter the lowest energy orbital available

What is hunds rule

Electrons prefer to occupy orbitals on their own, and only pair up when no empty orbitals of the same energy are available

What are the irregular elements in electronic configuration and why

Chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu), their 4s and 3d levels are very close in energy so they would have Chromium would be ….. 4s1 3d5 rather than …..4s2 3d6

Plancks constant

6.626 × 10^-34 JS

What letter represents Planck’s Constant?

H

What letter represents the speed of light?

C

What is the speed of light?

3 × 10⁸M/S

Definition of Frequency

How many wave cycles pass a specific point, every second.

Defintion of wavelength

Distance between the consecutive identical points.

Why was bohr’s model flawed?

-Bohr’s calculations only worked for hydrogen.

-Couldn’t be used to completely explain spectra of atoms with more than one electron.

Describe Bohrs Model.

-An electron is found only in specific circular paths, or energy level. around the nucleus.

-Each electron had a fixed energy.

-Electrons that move to different energy levels need to release or absorb energy.

Describe the Quantum Mechanics model

-Restricts the energy of electrons to certain values (Energy levels).

-Does not specify an exact path the electrons take around the nucleus

-Works for all atoms.

-Describes the probability of an electron to be found in a certain region surrounding the nucleus (Electron cloud).

What are the units for wavelength?

m, nm, etc.

What are the units for frequency?

hz, 1/s, s^-1

What is the equation to find Energy?

E = hc/λ

What is the most powerful light on the visible light spectrum?

violet

What is the weakest light on the visible light spectrum?

red

What light have the highest frequency on the visible light spectrum?

violet

What light has the lowest frequency on the visible light spectrum?

red

What is the relationship between wavelength, frequency and energy?

they are inversely related.

What is the relationship between frequency and energy?

They are directly proportional.

What is the photoelectric effect?

When electrons are emitted from an atom by a light that has enough energy to overcome the binding energy AND has enough energy to make kinetic energy AND has enough energy to make electrons fly out.

What is ground state?

When electrons are at their lowest energy possible.

What is the pauli exclusion principle?

A maximum of 2 electrons with equal energy but opposite direction can be placed in each orbital.

What is excited state?

When electrons are in a temporary position of higher energy (Very unstable.)

What are the four quantum numbers?

L, mL, ms, N

How many energy levels are there in total?

7

Define electron configuration

the arrangement of electrons in an atom's shells and orbitals, which determines its chemical properties

What are valence electron?

P and S on the highest energy level.