\________, a minister in Salem Bay settlement, taught that church and state should be separate.
Roger Williams
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\________ initiated a long period of European expansion and colonialism in the Americas.
Columbus arrival
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In 1618, the \________ introduced the headright system as a means of attracting new settlers to the region and addressing the labor shortage created by the emergence of tobacco farming.
Virginia Company
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In August of 1492, \________ used three caravels, supplied and funded by the Spanish crown, to set sail toward India.
Colombus
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\________ was a woman in a resolutely patriarchal society which turned many against her.
Anne Hutchinson
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\________ had their own complex societies, cultures, and religions.
Native Americans
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French played a significant role in the French and \________ (1754- 1763) but overall had a much lighter impact on native peoples compared to Spanish and English.
Indian War
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In \________, Virginia established the House of Burgesses, in which any property- holding, white male could vote.
1619
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\________ was populated by Native Americans, not to be confused with native- born Americans.
North America
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In \________, Separatists set sail for Virginia on the Mayflower, but went off course and landed in modern- day Massachusetts.
1620
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Slavery was rare in \________, but farms in middle and southern colonies were much larger, requiring large numbers of enslaved Africans.
New England
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Intermarriage was common between Spanish and French settlers and the natives in their colonized territories (though rare among \________ and Dutch settlers)
English
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Was the \________ of the triangular trade route among the colonies, Europe, and Africa.
middle leg
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\________ had a larger proportion of enslaved Africans than European settlers.
South Carolina
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\________ led a Protestant movement called Puritanism in the 16th century.
English Calvinists
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\________ became more organized with the creation of joint- stock companies, corporate businesses with shareholders whose mission was to settle and develop lands in North America.
Intercontinental trade
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The \________ was the dominant religious institution in western Europe.
Roman Catholic Church
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\________ was funded by a joint- stock company, a group of investors who bought the right to establish New World plantations from the king.
Jamestown
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A(n) \________ is a territory settled and controlled by a foreign power.
colony
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Englands first attempt to settle North America came a year prior to its victory over \________, in 1587, when Sir Walter Raleigh sponsored a settlement on Roanoke Island (now part of North Carolina)
Spain
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\________, a prominent proponent of antinomianism, banished for challenging Puritan beliefs and authority of Puritan clergy.
Anne Hutchinson
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\________ was home to hundreds of tribes, cities and societies.
North America
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\________ also marks the introduction of slavery to the English colonies.
In \________, Massachusetts became a royal colony under new monarchs, suffrage was extended to all Protestants.
1691
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\________ played a major role on plantations, but majority of Southerners were subsistence farmers.
Slavery
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\________ made a treaty with the Delawares to take only as much land as could be walked by a man in three days.
Penn
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Colonies on the \________ were seen primarily as markets for British and West Indian goods, but also as sources of raw materials.
North American continent
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Slavery was rare in \________, but farms in middle and southern colonies were much larger, requiring large numbers of enslaved Africans.
New England
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\________ had a larger proportion of enslaved Africans than European settlers.
South Carolina
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\________ regulated trade and government in its colonies but interfered in colonial affairs as little as possible.
England
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In 1664, \________ waged war against the Dutch Republic and captured New Netherland.
Charles II of England
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\________ of 1733, imposed an exorbitant tax upon the importation of sugar from the French West Indies.
Molasses Act
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\________ had powers similar to the king, but also dependent on colonial legislatures for money.
Governor
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\________ allowed eased transition to independence in following century.
Autonomy
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\________, a Quaker, received colony as a gift from King Charles II.
William Penn
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\________ was largest commercial power of the century and economic rival of the British.
Dutch Republic
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\________ Acts passed between 1651 and 1673, required colonists to buy goods only from England, sell certain of their products only to England, and import non- English goods via English ports and pay a duty on those imports.
Navigation
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\________ and Mary was chartered in the South in 1693.
College of William
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\________ from Barbados marked the beginning of the slave era in the colonies.
Arrival of settlers
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Colonies were important mostly for economic reasons, which is why the British considered their colonies in the \________ more important than their colonies on the North American continent.
West Indies
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\________, a recent immigrant, rallied the farmers and demanded Governor William Berkeley grant him authority to raise a militia and attack nearby tribes.
Nathaniel Bacon
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\________ preached severe, predeterministic doctrines of Calvinism.
Edwards
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\________ also prohibited the colonies from manufacturing a number of goods that England already produced.
Navigation Acts
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\________ and tobacco played a larger role in the Chesapeake than in the middle colonies.
Slavery
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\________ established liberal policies towards religious freedom and civil liberties.
Penn
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\________ in New England were higher due to the Puritan legacy of teaching children to read the Bible.
Literacy rates
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\________ defended the soldiers in court, helping to establish a tradition of giving a fair trial to all who are accused.
John Adams
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\________ discuss ways to alter relationship between mother country and colonies.
Colonial newspapers
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\________, the English Prime Minister during the war, was supportive of the colonists and encouraged them to join the war effort.
William Pitt
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\________, negotiated by Ben Franklin in 1778, brought the French into the war on the side of the colonists.
Franco American Alliance
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Women were largely excluded from \________ but had an important civil role and responsibility.
political activity
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The animosity between \________ and Hamilton and the growing belligerence between the Federalists and Democratic- Republicans set the ugly, divisive tone for Adamss term.
Jefferson
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\________ (broad constructionist) argued bank implied power of government and not explicitly forbidden by Constitution.
Hamilton
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\________ sent three diplomats to Paris, where French officials demanded a huge bribe before they would allow negotiations even to begin.
Adams
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\________ replaced Prime Minister Grenville with Lord Rockingham, who had opposed the Stamp Act.
George III
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Patriots were mostly white Protestant property holders and gentry, as well as urban artisans, especially in \________.
New England
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The \________ actually lowered the duty on molasses coming into the colonies from the West Indies.
Sugar Act
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The treaty gave England control of Canada and almost everything east of the \________.
Mississippi Valley
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\________ led a colonial contingent, which attacked a French outpost and lost.
George Washington
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The war was the inevitable result of colonial expansion, where \________ moved into the Ohio Valley, and the French tried to stop them by building fortified outposts.
English settlers
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\________ (grants greater liberties to Catholics, extends boundaries of Quebec Territory) further impeding westward expansion, causing further dissatisfaction among colonists.
Quebec Act
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The \________ became a war for independence with the signing of the Declaration.
Revolutionary War
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The Declaration has been considered as a seminal document in \________, and has been a source of inspiration for movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.
American history
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\________ was concerned about no uniform commercial policy and fear for the survival of the new republic.
Alexander Hamilton
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\________ who supported ratification of the Constitution are often the same people as \________ who favored strong federal government.
Federalists
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\________ called for federal government to assume states 'debts, repay by giving debt holders land on western frontier.
Financial plan
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\________ had been a strictly masculine quality in the past, private virtue emerged as a very important quality for women.
Public virtue
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Also called the French and \________, it was actually one of several "wars for empire "fought between the British and the French.
Indian War
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\________, Currency Act, and Proclamation of 1763 caused a great deal of discontent in the colonies.
Sugar Act
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enumerate American grievances, develop strategy for addressing grievances, formulate colonial position on relationship between royal government and colonial governments
Goal
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executive, legislative, judicial
Three branches of government
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\________ settled territorial dispute by signing treaty with England.
Polk administration
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\________ in distribution of wealth in northern cities, elite few controlled most of the personal wealth and led lives of power and comfort.
Great disparity
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\________ was instrumental in pushing for public education and education reform in general.
Horace Mann
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\________, supported by popular magazines and novels that glorified home life.
Cult of domesticity
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\________ suffered a stroke after the initial election and was not a real contender for the House vote.
William Crawford
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\________ received the greatest number of popular votes and electoral votes but no one had a majority.
Andrew Jackson
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\________ resulted in bigger cities with large (and often impoverished) migrant and immigrant neighborhoods.
Industrialization
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In 1828, \________, Jackson's vice president, anonymously published "The South Carolina Exposition and Protest "arguing that states who felt the 50 percent tariff was unfairly high could nullify the law.
John C Calhoun
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The Tariff of 1828, also known as the Tariff of Abominations, was passed during the \________ administration but almost turned into a national crisis during Jackson's administration.
Adams
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\________ declared independence from Spain in 1821, included what is now Texas and Southwest.
Mexico
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\________ replaced sailing ships for long sea voyages and railroads replaced land travel.
Steamships
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\________ sent explorers, among them Lewis and Clark, to investigate the western territories, including much of what was included in the Louisiana territory.
Jefferson
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\________ in 1813 allowed manufacturers to produce both thread and finished fabric in own factories quickly and efficiently.
Power loom
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\________ engine and telegraph revolutionized travel and shipping, allowing for faster and more efficient transportation and communication.
Inventions of steam
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\________ allowed for immediate long- distance communication and widespread use followed its invention almost immediately.
Telegraph
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Smith's preaching, particularly his acceptance of polygamy, drew strong opposition in the East and \________, culminating in his death by a mob while imprisoned in Illinois.
Midwest
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Jackson's campaign for presidency in \________ was vicious, with surrogates accusing opponents of corruption and misconduct.
1824
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Family and church played a dominant role in \________, as there were few people around to support organized cultural and leisure events.
social life
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\________ was another common commercial enterprise on the frontiers, with \________ often being the first pioneers in a region.
Fur trading
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Growth of American economy in \________ brought about numerous social changes.
early 19th century
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The \________ saw the beginnings of true social reform in the United States, with many social reform movements growing out of the Second Great Awakening, a period of religious revival.
19th century
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Farming played less of a role in \________ than elsewhere in the country.
northeastern economy
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\________ brought new set of social problems, including issues of land ownership, displacement of Native Americans, and question of slavery.
Westward migration
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\________ unified area tribes to stop American expansion.
Tecumseh
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\________ and Industrial Revolution in England altered southern agriculture and increased reliance on slave labor.
Cotton gin
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Americans believed in God- given right to western territories, known as America's \________.
Manifest Destiny
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In 1828, \________ won the election by a large margin and became the first president who wasn't born in Virginia or named Adams.
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