Political Theory final study guide

According to Aquinas, the best government is_____________, and the worst is tyranny.

monarchy    

According to Aquinas, the least worst of the unjust governmental types is _____________.

democracy

According to Aquinas, it is natural for human beings to live in a _____________.

group

According to Aquinas, the tyrant will seek to undermine ________________ within a society, so that no one can conspire against him.

trust

According to Aquinas, the tyrant will sow ______________ in the land, in his quest to divide and conquer the people.

discord

According to Aquinas, a _____________ man cannot be found under a tyrannical regime. 

 virtuous  

According to Aquinas, _____________ law derives from Natural Law, assuming the sovereign is capable of rational thinking. 

human

According to Aquinas, it is imprinted upon mankind to “do good” and “avoid ___________,” which constitutes the main precept of natural law.  

evil

According to Aquinas, ____________, as an unjust form of government, is more likely to arise from polyarchy (i.e. the rule of many), than it is from a particular monarch.  

tyranny

If all else fails, then it is the fear of _________________ which leads individuals to adhere to the law.

punishment

Each subsequent tyrant is more ______________ than the one before.

oppressive

According to Aquinas, man’s second inclination, also shared with other animals, is to _______________. 

reproduce

According to Aquinas, a law is just in so far as it is ordained toward the _________good.

common

As it turns out, Thomas Aquinas did not succumb to the temptations of a female prostitute during that long night in the dungeon.  A miracle indeed.

true

When conquering a land, it is better to impose massive amounts of ______________early on in one fell swoop, rather than small amounts in a piecemeal fashion

oppression

If you can only have one, as a Prince, it is better to be ______________ rather than loved.

feared

But, as a Prince, it is imperative that one avoids being ____________.  

hated

According to Machiavelli, “fortune” is a ________________.

women

The worst type of army is a __________________ army. 

mercenary

According to Machiavelli, the present (circa 1500) condition of Italy can be likened to that of ____________ to foreign powers. 

slavery

The Prince must possess the strength of the ____________ and the wiliness of the fox. 

lion

According to Machiavelli, women prefer _____________ men rather than those who proceed meekly.  In other words "nice guys finish last."

ferocious  

Tina Fey, like all great comedic writers, fully understands the human condition, namely the complex and often fraught interactions between male and female.  (okay, I realize this is asking for your opinion, but just to be on the safe side, go ahead and put "true")

true

 Given his commentary on women, it might be the case that Machiavelli was an _______________.

incel

As it turns out, chastity was not important at all in Ancient Rome.  And, Sandro Botticelli did not paint anything at all having to do with the story of Lucrezia (who was not relevant anyway, given that chastity was not a virtue).

false

The _______________________of nature suggests that one might do whatever is necessary, in a state of nature, in order to survive.  

right

According to Hobbes there is no ________________ good or evil. 

objective

It is ______________________which drives men to form governments.

fear

In a condition of mere nature, it might involve a significant degree of  ____________________ for a person to perform his end of the contract prior to the other performing their end.

trust

According to Hobbes, the sovereign is established by _______________________.

contract

According to Hobbes, religion arose due to humanity’s desire to know the _______________of earthly phenomena. 

causes

In a condition of nature, there is no injustice or, for that matter, ______________________.

justice

According to Hobbes, life in the absence of a _______________power to hold everyone in “awe” is nasty, brutish, and short. 

sovereign

According to Hobbes, true power is __________________.  

indivisible

According to Hobbes, a man cannot serve two __________________.

masters

According to Hobbes, in the state of nature, and absent a law of matrimony, it cannot really be known who is the _______________________.

father

In the absence of contract, power over the child is in the _________________________. 

mother

Thus, in a state of nature, should a mother choose, she has the right to ________________ the child.

exposure

For Hobbes, the classical philosophers argued that it was okay to kill a tyrant so long as you call him a __________________. 

tyrant

The purpose of law is to restrain liberty so that each individual is ________________ from others.  

protected

For Hobbes, any ancient work that might incite rebellion against the monarchy must be ____________.

banned

Locke interestingly defines slavery as a continued state of war between a ______________ conqueror and a captive. 

lawful

One way, according to Locke, to escape slavery is by _______________________.

suicide

According to Locke, it is ____________________ that determines the value of nearly everything.

labor

It was the creation of ______________________ that allowed for the legitimate accumulation of larger and larger possessions.

money

According to Locke, the earth was given to mankind in ____________________________.

common

Locke takes issue with the philosophical idea, which legitimized monarchy, of ______________________ dominion over children.

paternal

For Locke, it is the ________________________ of the majority which determines political legitimacy.

consent

According to Locke, the sovereign must be a part of the ______________________, otherwise a state of nature persists. 

contract

When Private Equity takes over, say, a senior living complex, the result is ALWAYS lower monthly fees for residents.  

False

In a modern-day "legal approximation" of a Hobbesian state of nature, if both parties to a joint bank account have a "right" to all of the money, then neither party really has a "right" to any of it.

true

According to Rousseau, although mankind has accumulated tremendous knowledge about the world, it has little knowledge of ________________.

man

According to Rousseau, it is unclear which came first, language or __________________.

society

Rousseau is very interested in the inequality established by ______________________ rather than nature.

propetry

According to Rousseau, ___________________ is a natural sentiment.   

pity

According to Rousseau, moral __________________, as distinguished from the physical variety, is an artificial sentiment (a “social construct,” if you will) devised by women so that they can establish their power over men.

love

According to Rousseau, men are not naturally _________________________.

greedy

According to Rousseau, the old philosophers held up “reason” as the highest realm of the soul, but which he finds _______________. 

heartless

According to Rousseau, the state of nature is for the most part ______________.

peaceful

According to Marx, “a spectre is haunting Europe – the spectre of __________________.”

communism

According to Marx, the history of the world is a history of ________________________.

class-struggles

The class division of the world today (i.e. circa 1848) is between the bourgeoisie and the _____________________.

 proletariat

According to Marx, the capitalist system, by its very nature, tends toward a situation where the laborer is working at the level of ___________________.

subsistence  

According to Marx, the “end-game” of communism is the abolition of ___________________.

private property

For Marx, man’s ideas and values change along with a change in _______________conditions.  

material

Once the workers take over the means of production, all class distinctions will have disappeared, and so political _____________ will also cease to exist. 

Power

In seeking to establish a community of ___________, Marx suggests one paradoxically already exists. 

women

Rousseau argued that men and women were exactly the same and ought to have the same roles "in society" that they did in a "state of nature."  In other words, he did not believe in complementary gender roles in a societal context.

false