Plant Biology Review

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to plant biology, including processes, structures, and classifications of plants.

Charophytes

A group of green algae that are the closest relatives of land plants.

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy, specifically glucose, using carbon dioxide and water.

Gametophyte

The haploid phase of the plant life cycle that produces gametes.

Sporophyte

The diploid phase of the plant life cycle that produces spores.

Vascular Tissue

Specialized tissue in plants that conducts water and nutrients; includes xylem and phloem.

Apical Meristem

Regions of growing tissue at tips of roots and shoots in plants, allowing for length growth.

Cuticle

A protective, waxy covering on the surfaces of leaves and stems, reducing water loss.

Stomata

Small openings on the leaf surface that allow for gas exchange, including the release of oxygen and uptake of carbon dioxide.

Embryophytes

Land plants characterized by the presence of embryos and multicellular gametangia.

Xylem

Vascular tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals from roots to the rest of the plant.

Phloem

Vascular tissue that transports sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.

Bryophytes

Non-vascular plants, including liverworts, mosses, and hornworts.

Seed Plants

Plants that reproduce via seeds, including gymnosperms and angiosperms.

Gametangia

Multicellular structures in which gametes are produced.

Spore

A haploid reproductive cell that can develop into an organism without fusion.

Light-dependent Reactions

Reactions that occur in chloroplasts where light energy is used to produce ATP and NADPH.

Calvin Cycle

The set of light-independent reactions in photosynthesis that converts carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose.

Angiosperms

Flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed within a fruit.

Gymnosperms

Seed-producing plants that do not form flowers or fruits.

Antheridia

Structures in male gametophytes that produce sperm.

Archegonia

Structures in female gametophytes that produce eggs.