micro exam 3 STDs

Chlamydia

A bacterial STD caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, often asymptomatic, can lead to severe complications.

Gonorrhea

An STD caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, characterized by urogenital infection and varying symptoms in men and women.

Syphilis

A systemic infection caused by Treponema pallidum, progressing through primary, secondary, and tertiary stages.

Vaginosis

Disruption of normal microbiota in the vaginal tract, leading to symptoms of infection.

Vaginitis

Vaginal inflammation that can arise from infections or other irritants.

Lactobacillus

A bacterium in the vagina that helps maintain an acidic pH.

Chlamydial Urethritis

A common STD caused by Chlamydia trachomatis that is usually asymptomatic.

Reticulate Body

The non-infectious form of Chlamydia that does not cause illness.

Elementary Bodies

The infectious form of Chlamydia that can cause infection.

Salpingitis

Inflammation of the fallopian tubes, often a complication of chlamydia and gonorrhea.

Ectopic Pregnancy

A pregnancy occurring outside the uterus, often a serious complication related to STDs.

Conjunctivitis

Inflammation of the eye, which can be caused by STDs like Chlamydia.

Chlamydia Symptoms in Men

Symptoms include white, cloudy discharge, burning sensation, and possible epididymitis.

Gonorrhea Symptoms in Women

Often asymptomatic; if present, symptoms may include vaginitis and PID.

Urethritis

An infection of the urethra that leads to painful urination and discharge.

Epididymitis

Infection of the epididymis, often resulting from STDs, causing testicular tenderness.

Prostatitis

Inflammation of the prostate gland, can result from various bacterial infections.

Chancroid

A bacterial infection causing painful genital ulcers, caused by Haemophilus ducreyi.

Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)

A sexually transmitted infection causing swollen lymph nodes in the groin area.

Granuloma Inguinale

A bacterial infection that causes progressive ulcers in the genital area.

Gardnerella vaginalis

A bacterium associated with non-specific vaginitis, characterized by foul-smelling discharge.

Mycoplasma

Bacteria that lack a cell wall and can cause non-chlamydial urethritis.

Urethritis Treatment

Include hydration, urination, hygiene, and possibly antibiotics for underlying infections.

Cystitis

Inflammation of the bladder, commonly caused by E. coli, presenting with painful urination.

Pyelonephritis

A kidney infection that can result from bacteria that ascend from the bladder.

Cutibacterium

Bacteria associated with acne, causing chronic inflammation of hair follicles.

UGI Flora

Indigenous flora in the urinary tract includes both facultative and anaerobic bacteria.

Azithromycin

An antibiotic used for treating chlamydia.

Doxycycline

An antibiotic effective for treating various STDs including gonorrhea.

Penicillin

An antibiotic that can effectively treat syphilis in all stages.

Hard Chancre

A painless ulcer that appears in primary syphilis, healing without treatment.

Condyloma Lata

A copper-colored skin rash that appears in secondary syphilis.

Gummatous Syphilis

The tertiary stage of syphilis, characterized by soft tumor-like growths.

Neurosyphilis

Infection affecting the central nervous system in the later stages of syphilis.

Serologic Testing

Tests like VDRL and RPR are used to screen and diagnose syphilis.

Hutchinson’s Triad

Symptoms of late congenital syphilis including teeth abnormalities and deafness.

Non-Specific Tests for Syphilis

Include VDRL and RPR tests which detect antibodies against syphilis.

Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption (FTA-ABS) Test

A specific test for syphilis that detects antibodies against Treponema pallidum.

Microhemagglutination Assay (MHA-TP)

A confirmatory test for syphilis after a positive screening test.

Tetracycline

An antibiotic used to treat several bacterial STDs including granuloma inguinale.

Bacterial Vaginosis

A condition characterized by an imbalance of bacteria in the vagina, leading to discharge.

Females with Gonorrhea Symptoms

50% may be asymptomatic, while others may experience pelvic inflammatory disease.

Male Gonorrhea Symptoms

May include tingling, pain during urination, discharge, and swollen lymph nodes.

Disseminated Gonococcal Infection (DGI)

A severe form of gonorrhea where bacteria spread to joints or bloodstream.

Anorectal Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea infection in the rectum often resulting from anal intercourse.

Gardnerella Treatment

Often treated with tetracycline for bacterial vaginosis symptoms.

Mycoplasma species

Not typically associated with vaginitis but may proliferate in bacterial vaginosis.

Ureaplasma

Bacteria that can cause placental inflammation during pregnancy.

Chlamydia Treatment

Typically treated with a single dose of azithromycin or a week of doxycycline.

Gonorrhea Treatment

Packs resistance issues; CDC recommended treatments include dual therapy.