micro exam 3 STDs
Top 3 Bacteria STD- chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis
Total STD in men and women- 110 million
Vaginosis- disruption of normal microbiota in vaginal tract
Vaginitis- vaginal inflammation
Lactobacillus- in vagina, produces acidic PH
Chlamydial Urethritis - asymptomatic, chlamydia trachomatis, obligate intracellular parasite
Reticulate body- no infection
Elementary bodies- causes infection
Chlamydia- “silent epidemic” acquire it though vaginal, anal, or oral sex: symptoms- vaginal bleeding discharge, abdominal pain, fever, painful urination
Salpingitis- complication of chlamydia and gonorrhea, inflammation of fallopian tube and PID (pelvic inflammatory disease )
Ectopic pregnancy- fertilization occurs in degraded vaginal walls, development of fetus outside of uterus
Conjunctivitis- inflammation of eye
Pneumonia- chlamydia trachomatis in babies
Chlamydia symptoms in men- white, cloudy discharge, burning sensation, inflammation around testicles (epididymitis)
Chlamydia treatment - -1 dose Azithromycin -7 days doxycycline, erythromycin
Gonorrhea- infection of urogenital tract “clappoir” Neisseria gonorrhoeae Gram-negative diplococci
Female gonorrhea symptoms- 50% asymptomatic 50% vaginitis PID, ectopic pregnancy
Male gonorrhea symptoms- tingling of penis, pain urinating, discharge, swollen lymph nodes
Urethritis- penis shaft (Urethra) normally will get infected first, pus from penis,, burning during urination, red swollen urethra
Epididymitis- infection spreads to the reproductive tract, Symptoms include: Tender testicles, Become sterile if left untreated.
Prostatitis- infection may also spread to the prostate gland causing inflammation
Anorectal Gonorrhea- Occurs in men who have anal intercourse, anal itching, painful bowel movement with blood
Gonococcal Pharyngitis- result of oral sex from infected partner
Gonococcal Conjunctivitis- normally in infants when mothers have gonorrhea
Disseminated Gonococcal Infection DGI- gonorrhea in other parts of body and joints, Bacteria can spread to the bloodstream and infect the joints, heart valves or the brain
Gonorrhea treatment- PPNG (Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae) makes penicillin useless
Syphilis- systemic infection caused by Treponema pallidum
Primary Syphilis- hard chancre, seep red fluid, healed within 3-6 weeks
Hard chancres- painless circular red ulcers with hard edge 10-90 days 2-4 weeks
Syphilis treatment- penicillin can cure
Secondary syphilis- weeks later, condyloma lata copper color skin rash appears
Tertiary syphilis- Gummatous syphilis, Neurosyphilis, Cardiovascular syphilis
Gummatous syphilis- lesions that destroy elastic tissue and weaken blood vessel
Neurosyphilis - destroy central nervous system
Cardiovascular syphilis- heart and blood vessels, 10-30 years after)
Syphylitic aortitis, aortic aneurism
Latent syphilis- No symptoms but the bacteria are continuing their damaging process
Latent syphilis- has orginism without symptoms
Congenital syphilis- fetus and babies with syphilis
“Snuffles”- early congenital baby with syphilis rhinitis, mucus and rashes on skin
Late congenital syphilis- hutchinsons triad, interstitial keratitis, teeth abnormality, deafness
Syphilis screening- non specific
Venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test. - test if antibodies react with lipid with blood or spinal fluid
Rapid plasma reagin (RPR)-VDRL test. - charcoal added to reagent to visualize dots by eye of cholesterol and carbon particles
TREPONEMA-Specific test syphilis- look for orginism
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test- blood test checks for antibodies to the bacteria that cause syphilis
Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test -test checks for antibodies to the bacteria that cause syphilis and can be used to detect syphilis except during the first 3 to 4 weeks after exposure to syphilis bacteria. Spinal fluid or blood
Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA) - used to confirm a syphilis infection after another method tests positive for the syphilis bacteria. This test detects antibodies to the bacteria that cause syphilis. This test is not done on spinal fluid.
Microhemagglutination assay (MHA-TP) - used to confirm a syphilis infection after another method tests positive for the syphilis bacteria (not reliable forfirst 3-4 weeks of infection)
Chancroid- painful genital ulcers, haemophilus ducreyi gram-neg cocci, soft chancre, swollen lymph nodes
Chancroid treatment - azithromycin, erythromycin, ceftriaxone
Lymphogranuloma venereum- LGV C&S, SE asia, 1000 cases a year primarily in homosexual men
LGV stage I- 3 weeks, small painless nodule at infection site, heals within a few days, rectal bleeding in males
LGV stage II- 6 weeks after infection, unilateral or bilateral swelling of lymph nodes in groin, swelling to naked eye, red-blue color
LGV stage III- untreated Jersild syndrome several years, intestinal strictures, fistulas, purulent abscess or lymphatic stasis, swollen genitals
Klebsiella granulomatis- granuloma inguinale “donovanosis”
granuloma inguinale stage 1- small pimples spread and eat surrounding tissue, tissue turns pink or red and bumps appear, bumps turn into raised red nodules with velvety texture, painless and bleed
granuloma inguinale stage 2- bacteria erodes skin, shallow ulcers spread to inner thighs, lined with granulated tissue and foul smell
granuloma inguinale stage 3- ulcers become deep and morph into scar tissue
granuloma inguinale treatment- tetracyclines
Gardnerella vaginalis- non-specific vaginitis/ non-gonococcal uretheritis, mild infection of vagina and vulva, foul smelling discharge, gram-stain shows “clue cells”
Gardnerella vaginalis treatment- tetracycline
Mycoplasma and ureaplasma- lack cell wall, cause nonchlamydial and nongonococcal uerethritis, treated with tetracycline
Mycoplasma species- not cause vaginitis, may proliferate inpatients with bacteria vaginosis
M. hominis- isolated from endometria and fallopian tubes of 10% of women with salpingitis
M. genitalium- involved in pelvic inflammatory disease and cervicitis
Ureaplasma, urealyticum, ureaplasma parvum- cause placental inflammation and may invade amniotic sac early, persistent infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including premature birth
UTIs (urinary tract infections) - sheddinf of epithelial cells, mucus secretion, flushing action of urine, sectretory antibodies
Main indigenous flora facultative- corynebacterium, staphylococcus, streptococcus species
Main indigenous flora anaerobes- bacteriodes, prevotella, porphyromonas, peptostreptococcus species
Urethritis- caused by e coli, chlamydia, trachomatis, mycoplasma, bacteria from large intestine in urethra, sexual intercourse
Urethritis treatment- drinking plenty of water, urinating, clean genitals, antibiotics
Cystitis- e coli caused, persistent urge to urinate, burning and blood in urine, cloudy foul smelling urine, bacteria from large intestine through urethra to bladder, sexual intercourse
Cystitis,prostatitis, pyelonephtitis treatment- good hygiene, clean genitals, drinking enough fluid to urinate regularly, antibiotics
Prostatitis- caused by e coli, staphylococcus, proteus, pseudomonas, fever and chills, flu symptoms, pain in prostate gland, lower back and groin, urinary frequency, blood urine, bacteria to bladder from large intestine and sex
Pyelonephritis - e coli, enterococcus, klebsiella, pseudomonas, frequent urination, burning pain when urinating, abdominal pain cloudy, pus or blood filled urine, bacteria in bladder from large intestine or sex
Cutibacterium- acne, chronic inflammation, 85% of adolescents and young adults, starts when a hair follicle become swollen with seum and keratinocytes
Plugged glands- “comedones”, open- blackheads, closed- whiteheads
Acne treatment- mild soaps, benzoyl peroxide, retin a
Retin A- prevents blockage of folliciles