AP World History Units 1-5 Review

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from AP World History Units 1-5.

Confucianism

A hierarchical philosophical understanding of the world that emphasizes order and stability.

Imperial Bureaucracy

Appointed officials who carry out the empire's policies in its vast stretches.

Chan Buddhism (Zen Buddhism)

A blend of Buddhism and traditional Chinese ideas (like Taoism), which spread from China to neighboring regions.

Champa Rice

A rice variety from the Champa Kingdom in modern Vietnam that allowed for multiple harvests per year, increasing food production and supporting a larger population.

Grand Canal

An internal waterway in China that acted as a transportation system, enabling China to become a major trading center.

Dar Al Islam

A cultural region encompassing various Islamic states that share common practices and cultural elements.

Sufi Movement

A mystical form of Islam that adapted to local cultures, facilitating its spread.

Delhi Sultanate

An Islamic state in Northern India established through military expansion.

Vijayanagara Empire

A Hindu kingdom in Southern India established by brothers who converted back to Hinduism after being sent to claim territory for the Delhi Sultanate.

Srivijaya Empire

A Hindu empire in Southeast Asia that prospered by taxing ships using its sea lanes for shipping.

Majapahit Kingdom

A Buddhist kingdom in Southeast Asia that prospered by controlling sea routes.

Tribute System (Aztec Empire)

A system where the Aztec empire extracted tribute from conquered regions through local governors, allowing them to exercise political dominance without direct involvement.

Great Zimbabwe

An African state that prospered due to trade, agriculture, and gold deposits, participating in the Indian Ocean Trade Network.

Swahili

A language that is a blend of Bantu (indigenous African language) and Arabic, facilitating trade in East Africa.

Ethiopia

An African state that emerged in the twelfth century as a Christian kingdom.

Feudalism

A decentralized political system in Europe where a king granted land to lords in exchange for tribute; lords hired knights for protection, and peasants worked the land.

Manorial System

The organizing political and social order in Europe during the time where the manor contained the whole village. Many serfs lived their entire lives without ever having left the manor.

Three-Field System

An agricultural innovation in Europe where crops were rotated through three fields, increasing food production and leading to a population explosion.

Silk Roads

A network of trade routes where luxury goods, like silk, were exchanged; cities along these routes grew in power and prominence.

Caravan Sarai

Inns and guest houses along the Silk Roads that facilitated trade by providing merchants a place to rest and be safe.

Money Economies

Economic systems using paper money, which facilitated trade due to its lighter weight compared to silver and gold.

Indian Ocean Network

A significant sea-based trade network facilitated by desires for goods not found at home, technological innovations, and the spread of Islam.

Diasporic Communities

Settlements created by people living apart from their homeland, which helped facilitate trade by making necessary connections.

Trans-Saharan Trade

A trade network connecting North Africa and the Mediterranean with the interior and West Africa, facilitated by the introduction of the Arabian camel.

Mansa Musa

The most powerful and influential ruler in Mali, West Africa. He further monopolized trade between the North and the interior of Africa.

Ibn Battuta

A young Muslim scholar from Morocco who traveled all over Dar Al Islam and wrote notes about the places he visited because of the trade routes interconnectivity.

Bubonic Plague (Black Death)

A deadly disease that spread due to the increasing connectivity in the world, particularly along trade routes.

Gunpowder Empires

Land-based empires that expanded and consolidated power through the use of gunpowder weapons.

Ottoman Empire

Was a small empire founded in the fourteenth century that grew when it adopted gunpowder weapons. In 1453 sacked Constantinople and named it Istanbul.

Janissaries

Enslaved Christians who were converted to Islam and trained into an elite fighting force, in gunpowder weapons for the Ottoman Empire.

Safavid Empire

An empire in the Middle East that was established in 1501 under the leadership of Shah Ismail. This empire was Shiite Islamic dynasty.

Divine Right

European kings and monarchs claimed divine right which meant they were God's representatives on earth, making them difficult to oppose.

Emperor Kangxi

A Qing ruler who used art to consolidate power. Had paintings made that put him in prominent places throughout the empire.

Zamindar Tax Collection

A tax system used in the Mughal Empire. Landowners are granted authority to tax peasants living on their land on behalf of the imperial government.

Tax Farming

During the Ottoman Empire, the right to tax people on behalf of the empire went to the highest bidder.

Protestant Reformation

A split happened in Christianity and Europe during the sixteenth century due to Martin Luther denouncing the corruption and nailing them to the church. The split was between the Roman Catholics and the Protestants.

Catholic Reformation

The Catholic church's response to the Protestant Reformation. Introduced reforms and reaffirmed doctrines, making the split between Catholics and Protestants permanent.

Divine Right

The belief that monarchs rule by divine authority, giving them legitimacy and making it difficult to oppose their rule.

Louis XIV of France

Sun king, he used architecture to consolidate his rule when he built the big honking palace of Versailles to maintain greater control over his French nobility.

Emperor Kangxi

A Qing ruler who used art to consolidate power. He had portraits made that put himself in prominent places throughout the empire.

Joint Stock Companies

Companies like the British East India Company and Dutch East India Company, that allowed continued exploration and colonization with limited risks to investors.

Colombian exchange

Exchange that was a transfer of animals, foods, and diseases from Europe to The Americas and vise versa.

Maritime Empires

Sea based empires. Gold, God and glory made countries want to explore different places.

The Enlightenment

A European movement that emphasized empirical data, observation, natural rights, and the concept of a social contract which led to movements for the women's right, suffrage and abolitionism for slavery.

Nationalism

A people's sense of belonging to each other, based on a common language, religion, social customs, and territory.

The steam engine

The form how the Industrial revolution was powered. Made factories able to mass produce good which led to a great specialization of labor.

Mass Prodcution

A means of factory workers dominating with their work instead of Artisans.

Karl Marx

Believed that capitalism and its entrenched class structure, the Proletariat and the Bourgeoisie, was ruining the absolute world and needed the solution that the world needs to be socialist and communist.