Geography

Population

The total collection of individuals, organisms, or objects occupying a specific geographic area or sharing a defined characteristic.

Population distribution

Describes the pattern or arrangement of individuals across a specific geographic area.

Population density

The measurement of the number of people living within a specific geographic area.

Earth's current population

Roughly 8.3 billion.

Life expectancy

The average number of years a person is expected to live, based on current death rates.

Impacts of rising population

Increases demand for land, energy, food, and resources, leading to pollution, deforestation, climate change, and habitat loss.

Impact of a rapidly growing population

Can cause pressure on housing, food, water, healthcare, jobs, transport, and the environment.

Impact of a shrinking population

Can lead to labor shortages, fewer taxpayers, aging populations, and pressure on pensions and healthcare systems.

UK population

The UK has about 68 million people.

Beach

An area of sand or pebbles built up by deposition.

Bay

An inlet of the sea formed where softer rock erodes faster.

Headland

An area of harder rock sticking out into the sea.

Cave

Formed when waves erode cracks in a cliff.

Arch

Formed when a cave erodes through a headland.

Stack

Formed when an arch collapses, leaving a pillar of rock.

Stump

Formed when a stack is eroded down.

Wave-cut platform

A flat rocky area left after cliff erosion.

Spit

A narrow ridge of sand or shingle formed by longshore drift.

Salt marsh

A muddy coastal area formed behind a spit where plants grow.

Storm surge

A sudden rise in sea level caused by strong winds and low pressure during storms.

Coastal erosion

Occurs where coasts are made of soft rock and are exposed to strong waves and storms.

Types of coastal protection structures

Sea walls, groynes, rock armor, gabions, and flood barriers.

Depression in weather

An area of low pressure formed when warm and cold air masses meet, bringing unsettled weather.

Difference between weather and climate

Weather is short-term atmospheric conditions, while climate is the average weather over a long period. (at least 30years)

Factors influencing climate

Latitude, altitude, distance from the sea, ocean currents, and winds affect climate. Latitude is the main factor.

Examples of climate types

Tropical, desert, polar, temperate, Mediterranean, and tundra climates.