Geography
Population:
Roughly how many people are on earth right now? 8.3billion
Terms:
Population: the total collection of individuals, organisms, or objects occupying a specific geographic area or sharing a defined characteristic
Population distribution: describes the pattern or arrangement of individuals across a specific geographic area.
Population density: the measurement of the number of people living within a specific geographic area
How was Earths population grown since 10000 BC? Earth's population grew from roughly 1 to 5 million people in 10,000 BC to over 8 billion today
Which parts of earth is most crowded, and which the most empty? Describe pattern: Humans cluster mainly in the Northern Hemisphere, at low elevations, and near coasts and rivers, while deserts, mountains, polar regions, and deep interiors remain sparsely populated.
What does life expectancy mean, and how its changing – and why
Life expectancy is the average number of years a person is expected to live, based on current death rates; it has generally risen over time because of better food, sanitation, medicine, and lower infant mortality, though wars, epidemics, inequality, and lifestyle diseases can slow or reverse gains.
How earths population predicted to change, up to 2100
Earth’s population is expected to keep growing from about 8 billion today to around 10 billion by the 2080s, then level off or slowly decline by 2100 as birth rates fall in many countries.
What problems might a country face, if it population, keeps rising or keeps falling?
A rapidly growing population can cause pressure on housing, food, water, healthcare, jobs, transport, and the environment.
A shrinking population can lead to labor shortages, fewer taxpayers, ageing populations, and pressure on pensions and healthcare systems.
What can i say about the UKs population, 4 facts
The UK has about 68 million people.
Most people live in towns and cities, especially in England.
The population is ageing because people live longer and have fewer children.
Migration has helped the UK population continue to grow.
The rising population has an impact on earth, and on other species.
Population growth increases demand for land, energy, food, and resources, leading to pollution, deforestation, climate change, and habitat loss that threaten many plant and animal species.
Waves and Coasts:
What causes waves?
Waves are mainly caused by wind blowing across the surface of the sea.
How do waves shape the coast?
Waves shape the coast through erosion, transport, and deposition.
Terms:
Erode: wearing away rock and land by the sea.
Transport: movement of sand, pebbles, and sediment along the coast.
Deposit: dropping sediment when waves lose energy.
Longshore drift: movement of material along the coastline by waves approaching at an angle.
What are these, and how are they formed?
Beach: an area of sand or pebbles built up by deposition.
Bay: an inlet of the sea formed where softer rock erodes faster.
Headland: an area of harder rock sticking out into the sea.
Cave: formed when waves erode cracks in a cliff.
Arch: formed when a cave erodes through a headland.
Stack: formed when an arch collapses, leaving a pillar of rock.
Stump: formed when a stack is eroded down.
Wave-cut platform: a flat rocky area left after cliff erosion.
Spit: a narrow ridge of sand or shingle formed by longshore drift.
Salt marsh: a muddy coastal area formed behind a spit where plants grow.
How do we use land along the coast? Give at least five examples.
Tourism, fishing, farming, ports, housing, industry, and transport.
What is a storm surge?
A storm surge is a sudden rise in sea level caused by strong winds and low pressure during storms.
Why is the coastline eroding quickly in some parts of the UK?
Some coasts are made of soft rock and are exposed to strong waves and storms.
What kinds of structures protect land and homes from the sea? Name at least four.
Sea walls, groynes, rock armour, gabions, and flood barriers.
What are the government’s plans for coastal defences?
The government uses shoreline management plans to decide where to protect, adapt, or allow natural erosion.
Weather and Climate:
What is weather, and what causes it?
Weather is the condition of the atmosphere at a certain time and place, caused by changes in temperature, air pressure, wind, and moisture.
Terms:
Temperature: how hot or cold the air is.
Precipitation: water falling from clouds as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
Air pressure: the weight of air pressing down on Earth.
Wind speed: how fast the wind is blowing.
Wind direction: the direction the wind comes from.
What are the three kinds of rainfall, and how does each form?
Relief rainfall: warm air rises over mountains, cools, and forms rain.
Frontal rainfall: warm and cold air masses meet, causing warm air to rise and rain to form.
Convectional rainfall: the sun heats the ground, warm air rises, cools, and forms heavy rain.
What weather is linked to:
Low pressure: cloudy, wet, and windy weather.
High pressure in summer: hot, dry, and sunny weather.
High pressure in winter: cold, dry, and foggy weather.
Why can the weather in the UK change very quickly?
The UK is affected by different air masses and weather systems from the Atlantic Ocean.
Terms:
Air mass: a large body of air with similar temperature and moisture.
Warm front: where warm air moves over cold air.
Cold front: where cold air pushes under warm air.
What is a depression, and how does it form?
A depression is an area of low pressure formed when warm and cold air masses meet, bringing unsettled weather.
What is the difference between weather and climate?
Weather is short-term atmospheric conditions, while climate is the average weather over a long period.
What factors influence climate? Which is the main one?
Latitude, altitude, distance from the sea, ocean currents, and winds affect climate. Latitude is the main factor.
Earth has very different climates. Give at least five examples.
Tropical, desert, polar, temperate, Mediterranean, and tundra climates.