AP HUG CH 11 KI 1-2

What are site factors in industry?

Industrial location factors related to the costs of production, including physical and human characteristics of a specific location.

What is the most important site factor on a global scale?

Labor.

What is a labor-intensive industry?

An industry where labor costs (wages/compensation) make up a high percentage of total production expenses

What is the average wage in developed countries for handmade garments?

Higher than in developing countries.

What is the difference between a labor-intensive industry and a high-wage industry?

Labor-intensive industries have a large percentage of costs from labor, while high-wage industries are measured in dollars.

What is the Fordist approach to production?

A form of mass production where each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly.

What is the Post-Fordist production approach?

Adoption of flexible work rules, allowing workers to perform a variety of tasks.

What is capital in relation to manufacturing?

Funds borrowed to establish new factories or to purchase materials, overall the money, equipment, machinery, buildings, and technology used to produce goods

How has capital influenced the Silicon Valley tech industry?

It is the most important factor in clustering high-tech industries.

How are contemporary factories laid out for efficiency?

Raw materials are delivered at one end and moved through the factory in a logical order.

What does situation factors refer to in industry?

Location factors related to the transportation of materials into and from a factory.

What is the importance of optimal plant location?

It minimizes transportation costs for raw materials and products.

What does bulk-reducing industry mean?

An industry where the final product weighs less or has a lower volume than the inputs.

Why are minerals important for industry?

They are essential inputs for many industries, with approximately 3,200 different minerals available.

What are non-metallic minerals?

Minerals that are not metallic and are used for various industrial purposes.

What are ferrous alloys?

Alloys that contain iron as a primary component.

What are non-ferrous alloys?

Alloys that do not contain significant iron, offering lightweight and corrosion-resistant properties.

Are minerals distributed evenly across the Earth?

No, mineral resources are not uniformly distributed.

What is a bulk-gaining industry?

An industry where the final product weighs more or has a greater volume than the inputs.

What is the purpose of fabrication in industry?

To transform raw materials into more complex products.

How many customers might a single manufacturer have?

One or two customers, closely located to the manufacturer.

Where are perishable-product industries typically located?

Near final assembly plants to deliver products rapidly.

What are the three major industry regions for car makers?

China (30%), North America (20%), and Europe (22%).

Where was the hearth of the Industrial Revolution?

In northern England and southern Scotland.

What were the first four industries impacted by the Industrial Revolution?

Iron, textiles, chemicals, and food processing.

What were the two main modes of transportation in the United Kingdom during the Industrial Revolution?

Canals and railroads.

Where are three areas where industry is clustered?

Europe, North America, and East Asia.

What is hydraulic fracturing?

A process involving pumping water at high pressure to break apart rocks and release gas.

Where is 2/3rd of nuclear power generated?

In developed countries, particularly Europe and North America.

Where are most nuclear power plants clustered?

In countries highly dependent on nuclear power, such as France and Belgium.

What is the process of fission?

A nuclear reaction where uranium atoms are split to produce electricity.

What are potential accidents from nuclear power?

Runaway reactions, steam explosions, and release of radioactive materials.

What is the high cost of nuclear power?

Nuclear power plants cost billions to build due to elaborate safety measures.

What are the challenges of biomass energy?

Inefficiency and potential reduction in forest fertility.

What is hydroelectric power?

Generating electricity from the movement of water.

What are the challenges of wind power?

High construction costs and environmental concerns regarding birds and visual impact.

What is geothermal energy?

Energy harnessed from the Earth's internal heat, particularly in volcanic areas.

What is solar energy?

Energy captured from solar radiation using photovoltaic cells.

Where are most motor vehicles produced?

In China.

Where is Auto Alley located in North America?

Along North-South interstate highways 65 and 75 between Michigan and Alabama.

What are the characteristics of trucks in shipping?

Used for short-distance delivery, they offer speedy delivery but are costly.

What are the characteristics of trains in shipping?

Used for shipping over long distances, they are efficient for large bulk items.

What are the characteristics of airplanes in shipping?

The most expensive mode of transport, used for quick delivery.

What is a break-of-bulk point?

A location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another.

What is just-in-time delivery?

A system where parts and materials arrive at factories just as they are needed.

What are three kinds of disruptions for just-in-time delivery?

Poor weather conditions, traffic, and labor unrest.

What is supply in economic terms?

The quantity of something that producers have available for sale.

What is demand in economic terms?

The quantity of something that people wish to consume.

What is animate power?

Power supplied by living beings, such as animals or humans.

What are the three main fossil fuels?

Coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

What is a nonrenewable resource?

A resource with a finite supply that can be exhausted.

What three natural resources is the United States dependent on?

Wood, coal, and petroleum.

What are the principal industrial regions in Europe?

Regions dominated by steel and textile production, now attracting high-tech industries.

What is the Rhine-Puhr Valley known for?

A center of iron and steel manufacturing.

What is the significance of Rotterdam?

It is Europe's largest port.

What is St. Petersburg's specialization?

Shipbuilding and other industries.

What mineral resources are found in the Urals?

The world's most varied collection of minerals.

What is Kuznetsk known for?

Russia's most important manufacturing district.

What does the Volga region contain?

Russia's largest petroleum and natural gas fields.

What is the significance of Northeastern Spain's Po Basin?

It is the center of Spain's textile industry.

What is Donetsk known for?

One of the world's largest coal reserves.

What is Moscow's industrial significance?

Russia's oldest industrial region centered around the capital.

What are the four main sources of energy in the United States?

Industry, transportation, homes, and commercial.

Where is coal primarily formed?

In tropical locations with lush swamps.

What are the challenges for petroleum?

World oil trade dynamics and extraction costs.

What is OPEC?

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.

What are unconventional fossil fuels?

Resources lacking economically feasible extraction technology.

What is the significance of Alberta Oil Sands?

Reclassified from potential to proven oil reserves.

What is Southeastern Ontario known for?

Canada's most important industrial area.

What is the Mohawk Valley's industrial advantage?

Inexpensive electricity from nearby Niagara Falls.

What does Southern California specialize in?

Clothing and telecommunication production.

What is the Middle Atlantic region's industrial significance?

The largest U.S. market attracting various industries.

What is the Pittsburgh-Lake Erie area known for?

Leading steel-producing area in the late 20th century.

What is China's industrial strength?

The world's leading manufacturer due to low-cost labor.

What has South Korea focused on in its manufacturing?

Export-oriented products like cars and electronics.