PSYCH REVIEWER

3rd qtr exams :(

Sigmund Freud

The Father of Psychoanalysis, Austrian Neurologist and Founder of Psychoanalysis.

Lawrence Kohlberg

The Father of Moral Psychology, American Psychologist known for work on Moral Development.

Ivan Pavlov

Russian Physiologist best known for Classical Conditioning, won a Nobel Prize in Physiology.

John B. Watson

The Father of Behaviorism, extended Pavlov's work into Human Psychology.

B.F. Skinner

Psychologist known for Operant Conditioning, rejected free will and introspection.

Edward Thorndike

Known for the Law of Effect; developed tests of mental ability still used today.

ID

Operates on the Pleasure Principle; driven by unconscious desires and instincts.

Ego

Acts as the Judge between ID and Superego, operates on the Reality Principle.

Superego

Operates on the Morality Principle; suppresses ID through morals and principles.

Oral Stage

First stage of Psychosexual Development, focuses on the mouth.

Anal Stage

Second stage of Psychosexual Development, focuses on the anus; can result in Anal-Retentive or Anal-Expulsive traits.

Phallic Stage

Third stage of Psychosexual Development, focuses on genitals; can lead to authority and gender confusion issues.

Latency Stage

Fourth stage of Psychosexual Development, focuses on dormant sexual feelings.

Genital Stage

Final stage of Psychosexual Development, focuses on sexual relationships.

Moral Dilemma

A situation where one’s morals are compromised by competing choices.

Preconventional Level

Moral reasoning based on avoiding punishment and self-interest.

Conventional Level

Moral decisions based on pleasing others and societal norms.

Postconventional Level

Moral decisions based on social contract and universal ethics.

Classical Conditioning

Learning through association.

Operant Conditioning

Learning through consequences; behavior is influenced by rewards or punishments.

Positive Reinforcement

Giving something good to encourage good behavior.

Negative Reinforcement

Taking away something bad to encourage good behavior.

Positive Punishment

Giving something bad to discourage bad behavior.

Negative Punishment

Taking away something good to discourage bad behavior.