AP Human Geography Agriculture Vocab

Shifting cultivation/Agriculture

An effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and raising animals for sustenance and economic gain.

Primary Economic Gain

Any activity that involves the direct extraction of natural resources, such as EXAMPLES: agriculture, fishing, and mining.

Secondary Economic Gain

The process of manufacturing and processing raw materials into finished goods, creating products that can be sold.

Tertiary Economic Activity

The service sector providing intangible services to consumer and business for payment.

First Agricultural Revolution

The transition of human societies from hunting and gathering to sedentary agriculture and the domestication of plants and animals.

The Second Agricultural Revolution

Was in great britain and western europe it shifted faring from manual labor to mechanization, fueling growth of industrial cities.

Third agricultural revolution

The period during which the introduction of biotechnology and genetic engineering transformed agricultural practices, increasing food production efficiency and sustainability.

Intensive Subsistence agriculture

A form of farming where farmers must expand a large amount of effort to produce the maximum possible yield from a small parcel of land.

Extensive Subsistence Agriculture

Farming large areas with minimal labor and capital relative to the amount of land being used.

Food Desert

An area where residents have limited access to affordable and nutritious food.

Agribusiness

The commercialization of agriculture through the integration of different steps in the food processing industry, usually involving ownership by large corporations.

GMOs

A plant, animal or microorganism whose genetic material has been altered using biotechnology to incorporate desired traits from another species.

Commercial Agriculture

The production of food primarily for sale off the farm rather than for the farmers own consumption.

Luxury Crops

High-Value crops that are not essential for human survival but are highly desired for their taste,stimulant properties,or status.

Sustainable Agriculture

Farming Practices that are intended to protect the environment expand the earth’s natural resource base and maintain soil fertility.